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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anxiety
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defined as apprehension over an anticipated problem.
-associated with the anticipation of future problems -involves more general or diffuse emotional reactions -the emotional experience is out of proportion to the threat |
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fear
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-experienced in the face of real, immediate danger
-usually builds quickly in intensity -is typically appropriate in the event if a threat |
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anxiety disorder
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disorder in which fear or tension is overriding and the primary disturbance; including phobic disorders, panic disorders, generalized anxiety disorder, and agoraphobia.
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prevalence of anxiety disorders
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more common than any other form of mental disorder
-specific phobias 12% -social anxiety almost as common 12% |
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symptoms of anxiety disorder
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excessive worry
-a relatively uncontrollable sequence of negative, emotional thoughts concerned with possible future threats of danger |
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normal vs. pathological worry
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distinctions hinge on quantity and quality of worrisome thoughts
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comorbidity of anxiety disorders
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symptoms overlap immensely. 50% of people who meet criteria for one anxiety disorder also meet criteria for at least one form if another anxiety or mood disorder
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phobias
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persistent, irrational narrowly defined fears that art associated with a specific object or situation.
*avoidance is an important component of the definition |
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specific phobia
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a disproportionate feat caused by a specific object or situation
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agoraphobia
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defined by anxiety a out situations in which it would be embarrassi f or difficult to escape if anxiety symptoms occurred.
*subtype of panic disorder *significant impairment in daily functioning |
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panic attacks
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sudden, overwhelming experience if terror or fright (respond cognitively).
-emotional response more focused -more intense than anxiety -has a sudden onset |
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role of gender on anxiety disorders
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-women twice as likely than men to be diagnosed
-women are more likely to report their symptoms -psychological differences *men personal control over situations may experience more social pressure than women to face fears *women more likely to be sexually assilted during childhood and adulthood show more biological reactivity to stress than men do |
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culture factors in anxiety disorders
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controversial
some researchers have thought that ppl from different cultures express symptoms in different ways, new findings raise doubt how major those cultural difference are. |
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cued panic attack
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if triggered by specific situation (ex seeing a snake) more along the lines of phobia
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panic disorder
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recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. at least one of the attacks must be followed by a period of 1 month or more with persistent concerns about having additional attacks
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cognitive factors of panic disorders
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-ppl prone to panic attacks
1. pay very close attention to their body sensations 2. misinterpret these sensations 3. engage in snowballing, catastrophizing, thinking |
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depersonalization
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may occur during a panic attack; a feeling of being outside one's body
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derealization
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may occur during a panic attack; a feeling of the world's not being real
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social anxiety disorder
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a persistent, unrealistically, intense fear of social situations that might ubcolve being scrutinized by or even just exposed to, unfamiliar people.
problems are pervasive and tend to interfere with normal activity than other phobias try to avoid situations show signs of anxiety behave in embarrassing ways begins during adolescence |
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generalized anxiety disorder
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the worries of ppl with GAD are excessive. uncontrollable, and long lasting. interfere with daily life
must be present for at least 6 months typically begins in adolescence often chronic |
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cognitive factors
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-sustained negative beliefs about the future
-perceived control -attention to threat |
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personality factors
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*behavioral inhibition: noted in children, a tendency to become agitated and cry when faced with novel toys, people, or other stimuli.
neuroticism - personality trait defined by the tendancy 4o react to events with greater than average negative affect. |
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biological factors
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fear circuit: the brain structures that tend to be involved when people are feeling anxious or fearful
-amygdala the medial prefrontal cortex: regulates amygdala activity - involved in extinguishing fears as well as using emotion regulation strategies to control emotions -anxiety disorders appear to be related to poor functioning of the serotonin system -GABA appears to be involved in inhibiting activity throughout the brain, one effects is decreased anxiety |
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classical conditioning on anxiety
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a person learns to fear a neutral stimulus (the CS) that is paired with an intrinsically aversive stimulus (the UCS)
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