Abnormal Psych Final

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Internalizing Disorder(s)

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An empirically derived category of psychological problems of childhood that affect the child more than the external world (depression)

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Externalizing Disorder(s)

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An emperically derived category of disruptive child behavior problems that create problems for the external world (ADHD)

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Mental Retardation

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Limitation of functioning--IQ of 70 and below--limitation of adaptive skills--onset prior to age 18

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Autism

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A severe disorder of the Pervasive Developmental Spectrum--Significant impairment in social interaction--communication with stereotypic behaviors

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Adjustment Disorder

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Clinically significant symptoms in response to stress (level of severity is below threshold for diagnosis of another mental disorder)

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Cognitive Disorder

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Delerium-Dementia-Amnestic Disorder--Involve deficits in cognition and/or memory which represents a significant change from previous level of functioning due to a general medical condition or substance

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Competence (legal)

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Involves defendant's ability

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Executive Function

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planning, organizing, sequencing, abstracting

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Delerium

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A confusional state that develops over a short period of time and is often associated with agitation and hyperactivity. The primary symptom is clouding of consciousness or reduced awareness of one's surrounding.

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Dementia

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A gradually worsening loss of memory and related cognitive functions, including the use of language as well as reasoning and decision making.

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Amnestic Disorder

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A form of cognitive disorder characterized by memory impairments that are more limited or circumscribed than those seen in dementia or delerium.

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ODD

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A psychological disorder of childhood characterized by persistent but relatively minor transgressions, such as refusing to obey adult requests, arguing, and acting angry.

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ADHD

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A psychological disorder of childhood characterized by hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity. Typically has an onset by the early school years.

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CD

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Conduct Disorder: A psychological disorder of childhood that is defined primarily by behavior that is illegal as well as antisocial.

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Alzheimer's Disease

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A form of dementia in which cognitive impairment appears gradually and deterioration is progressive. A definite diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease requires the observation of two specific types of brain lesions: neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques.

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Psychostimulant

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Medications that heighten energy and alertness when taken in small dosages, but lead to restless, even frentic, behavior when misused. Often used in the treatment of ADHD.

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Seperation Anxiety

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A normal fear that begins to develop around 8 months and peaks around 15 months. The infant expresses distress following seperation from an attachment figure, typically a parent or other close caregiver.

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Encopresis

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Inappropriately controlled defacation among children old enough to maintain control of their bowels.

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Enuresis

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Inappropriately controlled urination (during sleep or while awake) among children old enough to maitain control of their bladder.

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Pica

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Persistent eating of nonnutritive substances, such as paint or dirt.

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Reactive Attachment Disorder

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Characterized by severely disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relationships.

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Rumination Disorder

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The repeated regurgitation and rechewing of food.

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Pervasive Developmental Disorder

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A category of unusual psychological problems that begin early in life and involve severe impairments in a number of areas of functioning. Autistic diorder is one example.

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Civil Commitment

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The involuntary hospitalization of the mentally ill; the decision typically is justified based on dangerousness to self or others (or inability to care for self)

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Confidentiality

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The ethical obligation not to reveal private communications in psychotherapy and in other professional contacts between mental health professionals and their clients.

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IQ (Intelligence Quotient)

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A measure of intelectual ability that typically has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. An individual's IQ is determined by comparisons with norms for sameaged peers.

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Savant Performance

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An exeptional ability in a highly specialized area of functioning typically involving artistic, musical, or mathmatical skills.

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Temperament

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Characteristic styles of relating to the world that are often conceptualized as inborn traits. Generally emphasizes the "how" as oposed to the "what" of behavior.

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Resilience

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The ability to "bounce back" from adversity despite life stress and emotional distress.

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Learning Disorder

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A heterogenous group of educational problems characterized by academic performance that is notably below academic aptitude.

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Tourette's

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A rare disorder that is characterized by repeated motor and verbal tics.

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Selective Mutism

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Involves the consistent failure to speak in certain situations (school) while speech is unrestricted in other situations (home).

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"Tarasoff" Decision

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enacted laws that outline therapists' duty to protect potential victims of violence. (pg 616)