Abnormal Psych Depression And Bipolar Disorder Part 2

Front 1

key similarities between bipolar and depression

Back 1

1. shared symptoms

2. episodic, worsening course

3. familial and genetic overlap

4. frontal cortex and serotonin involvement

5. stress in key predictor of onset and relapse

Front 2

important differences between bipolar and major depression

Back 2

1. unique family and genetic influences on bi (bipolar much stronger)

2. dopamine and norepinephrine prominently involved in mania

3. very different medications are effective

Front 3

current bottom line about bipolar vs major depression

Back 3

1. shared risk factors lead to risk for depression

2. bipolar disorder is also associated with additional independent risk factors that may influence the dopamine system

3. related but distinct disorders

Front 4

cognitive aspects of MDD

Back 4

1. negative thinking/bias

2. rumination

3. learned helplessness

4. risk factors/consequences

Front 5

negative thinking/bias in cognitive aspects of MDD

Back 5

1. automatic negative and erroneous thoughts

2. cognitive triad--negative thoughts about self (internal), experiences (global), and the future (will always be this way; stable

Front 6

rumination

Back 6

dwell on negative mood, but don't act to change it

Front 7

learned helplessness

Back 7

1. perceived loss of control of reinforcements in life

2. hopeless re: potential to change

Front 8

what could be risk factors or consequences of cognitive aspects of MDD?

Back 8

1. tendency to ruminate predicts prior to depression (consequence of predict)

2. negative cognition after depression begins

Front 9

anxiety disorders that share genetic diathesis

Back 9

1. neg aff

2. GAD

3. panic disorder

4. dpecific phobia

5. social phobia

6. MDD

Front 10

what is comorbidiy of MDD and most anxiety disorder explained by?

Back 10

almost entirely explained by shared genetic risk factors

Front 11

stress component of diathesis stress

Back 11

anxiety--threat events (future)

depression--loss events

Front 12

what possibly distinguishes anxiety and depression?

Back 12

environmental factors and cognitions

Front 13

in reality what distinguishes anxiety from depression

Back 13

axiety is often a precursor for later depression

Front 14

psychosocial treatments for major depression

Back 14

1. behavioral therapy

2. cognitive therapy

3. interpersonal psychotherapy

4. couples/family therapy

5. other factors

Front 15

behavioral therapy

Back 15

increase positive activites/positive reinforcement

Front 16

cognitive therapy

Back 16

1. similar to anxiety--recognize and challenge negative cognitions

2. often incorporates some of the behavioral techniques as well

Front 17

interpersonal psychotherapy

Back 17

1. based on model that interpersonal problems lead to depression

2. address interpersonal deficits, loss, etc

Front 18

couples/family therapy

Back 18

address issues in the context of the couple dyad

Front 19

pharmacological treatments for major depression

Back 19

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

1. prozac, zoloft, paxil

2. increase availability of serotonin throughout the brain

3. hard to overdose

4. side effects: weight, sexual dysfunction

Front 20

what works to treat disorders

Back 20

1. psychosocial interventions

2. medication

Front 21

medication

Back 21

SSRIs are effective for at least some individuals

the combination of therapy and medicaation may be optimal (and this may be particularly true among adolescents and among those with severe depression

Front 22

psychosocial interventions

Back 22

1. behavioral, cognitive, interpersonal, and marital therapies all have documented efficacy

2. psychotherapy may reduce risk of relapse (although may need to continue therapy

Front 23

treatment of bipolar disorder

Back 23

1. lithium, antiseizure medication (depakote), atypical antipsychotics (abilify)

2 frontline treatment

3. adjunctive psychotherapy

Front 24

frontline treatment for bipolar disorder

Back 24

1. unethical in most c ases to treat bipolar disorder without medication

2. active mania=brain damage

3. significantly reduce risk of relapse and suicide

4. depressive phase of bipolar disorder is very difficult to manage

5. still not clear exactly how mood stabilizers work (but dopamine and serotonin and clearly involved)