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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
lobotomy
a procedure in which a pointed instrument was inserted into the frontal lobe of the brain and rotated, destroying much brain tissue
nomothetic understanding
a general understanding of nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal psychological functioning in the form of laws or principles
scientific method
the process of systematically gathering and evaluating information through careful observations to gain an understanding of a phenomenon
hypothesis
a hunch or prediction that certain variables are related in certain ways
case study
a detailed account of a person's life and psychological problems
internal validity
the accuracy with which a study can pinpoint one of various possible factors as the cause of a phenomenon
external validity
the degree to which the results of a study may be generalized beyond that study
correlation
the degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other
correlational method
a research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other
epidemiological study
a study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a given population
incidence
the number of new cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time
prevalence
the total number of cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time (both existing and new cases)
longitudinal study
a study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time
experiment
a research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the effect of the manipulation is observed
independent variable
the variable in an experiment that is manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable
dependent variable
the variable in an experiment that is expected to change as the independent variable is manipulated
confound
in an experiment, a variable other than the independent variable that is also acting on the dependent variable
control group
in an experiment, a group of participants who are not exposed to the independent variable
experimental group
in an experiment, the participants who are exposed to the independent variable under investigation
random assignment
a selection procedure that ensures that participants are randomly placed either in the control group or in the experimental group
blind design
an experiment in which participants do no know whether they are in the experimental or the control condition
placebo theory
a sham treatment that the participant in an experiment believes to be genuine
double-blind design
experimental procedure in which neither the participant nor the experimenter knows whether the participant has received the experimental treatment or a placebo
quasi-experiment
an experiment in which investigators make use of control and experimental groups that already exist in the world at large; also called a mixed design
natural experiment
an experiment in which nature, rather than an experimenter, manipulates an independent variable
analogue experiment
a research method in which the experiment produces abnormal-like behavior in laboratory participants and then conducts experiments on the participants
single-subject experimental design
a research method in which a single participant is observed and measured both before and after the manipulation of an independent variable