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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
lobotomy
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a procedure in which a pointed instrument was inserted into the frontal lobe of the brain and rotated, destroying much brain tissue
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nomothetic understanding
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a general understanding of nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal psychological functioning in the form of laws or principles
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scientific method
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the process of systematically gathering and evaluating information through careful observations to gain an understanding of a phenomenon
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hypothesis
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a hunch or prediction that certain variables are related in certain ways
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case study
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a detailed account of a person's life and psychological problems
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internal validity
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the accuracy with which a study can pinpoint one of various possible factors as the cause of a phenomenon
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external validity
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the degree to which the results of a study may be generalized beyond that study
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correlation
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the degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other
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correlational method
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a research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other
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epidemiological study
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a study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a given population
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incidence
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the number of new cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time
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prevalence
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the total number of cases of a disorder occurring in a population over a specific period of time (both existing and new cases)
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longitudinal study
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a study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of time
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experiment
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a research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the effect of the manipulation is observed
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independent variable
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the variable in an experiment that is manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable
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dependent variable
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the variable in an experiment that is expected to change as the independent variable is manipulated
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confound
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in an experiment, a variable other than the independent variable that is also acting on the dependent variable
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control group
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in an experiment, a group of participants who are not exposed to the independent variable
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experimental group
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in an experiment, the participants who are exposed to the independent variable under investigation
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random assignment
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a selection procedure that ensures that participants are randomly placed either in the control group or in the experimental group
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blind design
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an experiment in which participants do no know whether they are in the experimental or the control condition
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placebo theory
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a sham treatment that the participant in an experiment believes to be genuine
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double-blind design
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experimental procedure in which neither the participant nor the experimenter knows whether the participant has received the experimental treatment or a placebo
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quasi-experiment
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an experiment in which investigators make use of control and experimental groups that already exist in the world at large; also called a mixed design
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natural experiment
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an experiment in which nature, rather than an experimenter, manipulates an independent variable
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analogue experiment
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a research method in which the experiment produces abnormal-like behavior in laboratory participants and then conducts experiments on the participants
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single-subject experimental design
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a research method in which a single participant is observed and measured both before and after the manipulation of an independent variable
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