Abnormal Psych Chapter 14

Front 1

substance use disorders

Back 1

disorders characterized by inability to use a substance in moderation and/or the intentional use of a substance to change one's thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors, leading to impairment in work, academic, personal, or social endeavors

Front 2

gambling disorder

Back 2

a disorder, similar to substance abuse, characterized by the inability to resist the impulse to gamble

Front 3

substance

Back 3

naturally occurring or synthetically produced product that alters perceptions, thoughts, emotions, and behaviors when ingested, smoked, or injected

Front 4

substance intoxication

Back 4

experience of significantly maladaptive behavioral and psychological symptoms due to the effect of a substance on the central nervous system that develops during or shortly after use of the substance

Front 5

substance withdrawal

Back 5

experience of clinically significant distress in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning due to the cessation or reduction of substance use

Front 6

substance dependence

Back 6

diagnosis given in the DSM-IV when a person's recurrent substance use leads to physiological dependence or significant impairment or distress, as manifested by an inability to use the substance in moderation; a decline in social, occupational, or recreational activities; or the spending of large amounts of time obtaining substances or recovering from their effects

Front 7

substance abuse

Back 7

diagnosis given in the DSM-IV when a person's recurrent substance use leads to significant harmful consequences, as manifested by a failure to fulfill obligations at work, school, or home; the use of substances in physically hazardous situations; legal problems; and continued use despite social and legal problems

Front 8

tolerance

Back 8

condition of experiencing less and less effect from the same dose of a substance

Front 9

depressants

Back 9

drugs that slow the nervous system

Front 10

delirium tremens (DTs)

Back 10

symptoms that result during severe alcohol withdrawal, including hallucinations, delusions, agitation, and disorientation

Front 11

Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates

Back 11

sold by prescription, usually used as sedatives for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Sometimes benzos used as muscle relaxants and anti-seizure medicines.

Front 12

amphetamines

Back 12

stimulant drugs that can produce symptoms of euphoria, self-confidence, alertness, agitation, paranoia, perceptual illusions, and depression

Front 13

nicotine

Back 13

alkaloid found in tobacco; operates on both the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in the release of biochemicals, including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and the endogenous opioids

Front 14

caffeine

Back 14

chemical compound with stimulant effects

Front 15

opioids

Back 15

substances, including morphine and heroin, that produce euphoria followed by a tranquil state; in severe intoxication, can lead to unconsciousness, coma, and seizures; can cause withdrawal symptoms of emotional distress, severe nausea, sweating, diarrhea, and fever

Front 16

hallucinogens

Back 16

substances, including LSD and MDMA (ecstasy), that produce perceptual illusions and distortions even in small doses

Front 17

phencyclidine (PCP)

Back 17

substance that produces euphoria, slowed reaction times, and involuntary movements at low doses; disorganized thinking, feelings of unreality, and hostility at intermediate doses; and amnesia, analgesia, respiratory problems, and changes in body temperature at high doses

Front 18

cannabis

Back 18

substance that causes feelings of well-being, perceptual distortions, and paranoid thinking

Front 19

inhalants

Back 19

solvents, such as gasoline, glue, or paint thinner, that one inhales to produce a high and that can cause permanent central nervous system damage as well as liver and kidney damage

Front 20

antagonist drugs

Back 20

drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug, reducing desire for the drug

Front 21

methadone

Back 21

opioid that is less potent and longer-lasting than heroin; taken by heroin users to decrease their cravings and help them cope with negative withdrawal symptoms

Front 22

motivational interviewing

Back 22

intervention for sufferers of substance use disorders to elicit and solidify individuals' motivation and commitment to changing their substance use; rather than confronting the user, the motivational interviewer adopts an empathic interaction style, drawing out the user's own statements of desire, ability, reasons, need, and ultimately commitment to change

Front 23

abstinence violation effect

Back 23

what happens when a person attempting to abstain from alcohol use ingests alcohol and then endures conflict and guilt by making an internal attribution to explain why he or she drank, thereby making him or her more likely to continue drinking in order to cope with the self-blame and guilt

Front 24

relapse prevention programs

Back 24

treatments that seek to offset continued alcohol use by identifying high-risk situations for those attempting to stop or cut down on drinking and teaching them either to avoid those situations or to use assertiveness skills when in them, while viewing setbacks as temporary

Front 25

harm reduction model

Back 25

approach to treating substance use disorders that views alcohol use as normative behavior and focuses education on the immediate risks of the excessive use of alcohol (such as alcohol-related accidents) and on the payoffs of moderation (such as avoidance of hangovers)