Abnormal Psych - Ch 7: Mood Disorders And Suicide

Front 1

unipolar mood disorder

Back 1

Mood disorder characterized by depression or mania but not both. Most cases involve unipolar depression.

Front 2

temporal patterning

Back 2

Course modifier for mood disorders describing their time sequences, including recurrence, recovery, and alternation.

Front 3

suicidal ideation

Back 3

Serious thoughts about committing suicide.

Front 4

suicidal attempts

Back 4

Efforts made to kill oneself.

Front 5

stress hormones

Back 5

Group of hormones, including corticosteroids, involved in the body's physiological stress response.

Front 6

specifiers

Back 6

In mood disorders, patterns of characteristics that sometimes accompany major depressive or manic episodes and may help predict their course and prognosis. These include psychotic, melancholic, atypical, catatonic, chronic, and with postpartum onset.

Front 7

somatic treatments

Back 7

Biological interventions that include medication, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery.

Front 8

somatic delusions

Back 8

False and unfounded beliefs about the body for example, that parts are rotting or turning to stone.

Front 9

serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Back 9

Class of medications for depression (including Prozac) that act on the serotonergic system by inhibiting the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin.

Front 10

seasonal pattern

Back 10

Temporal course of bipolar or recurrent major depressive disorders in which episodes occur during particular seasons of the year.

Front 11

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Back 11

Mood disorder involving a cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter.

Front 12

relapse

Back 12

Reappearance of or return to problem behaviors after treatment or recovery.

Front 13

rapid cycling

Back 13

Temporal course of a bipolar disorder when transitions between mania and depression are quick, occurring four or more times in 1 year.

Front 14

psychological autopsy

Back 14

Postmortem psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death.

Front 15

postpartum onset

Back 15

Disorder that first appears in mothers during the time immediately following childbirth.

Front 16

phototherapy

Back 16

Treatment of seasonal affective disorder with large doses of exposure to bright light.

Front 17

pathological or impacted grief reaction

Back 17

Extreme reaction to the death of a loved one that involves psychotic features, suicidal ideation, or severe loss of weight or energy or that persists more than 2 months.

Front 18

neuromodulators

Back 18

Hormones secreted into the blood to transmit brain messages throughout the body. Also known as neuropeptides.

Front 19

neurohormones

Back 19

Hormones that affect the brain and are increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology.

Front 20

negative schema

Back 20

Automatic, enduring, and stable negative cognitive bias or belief system about some aspect of life.

Front 21

negative affect

Back 21

Emotional symptoms that are part of the definition of both anxiety and depression but are not specific to either of these. Also, substance abuse may be maintained because the substance causes an escape from unpleasant circumstances, responsibilities, or, especially, feelings.

Front 22

mood incongruent

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Not consistent with the person's emotional level. Psychotic symptoms associated with mood disorders may not be congruent with the person''s mood (contrast with mood congruent).

Front 23

mood disorders

Back 23

Group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression.

Front 24

mood congruent

Back 24

Consistent with the person's emotional level. Hallucinations and delusions may be congruent or incongruent with a depressed person's mood (contrast with mood incongruent).

Front 25

mixed manic episode

Back 25

Condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time. Also known as dysphoric manic episode.

Front 26

marital therapy

Back 26

Interventions for the relationship problems of couples, whether married or not.

Front 27

manic episode

Back 27

Period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood that may include inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, flight of ideas, agitation, or self-destructive behavior.

Front 28

major depressive episode

Back 28

Most common and severe experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks.

Front 29

major depressive disorder, single or recurrent episode

Back 29

Mood disorder involving one (single episode) or more (separated by at least 2 months without depressionrecurrent) major depressive episodes.

Front 30

maintenance treatment

Back 30

Combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both designed to prevent relapse following therapy.

Front 31

longitudinal course

Back 31

Time patterns among mood disorders (for example, prior dysthymia or cyclothymia rapid cycling and seasonal pattern) that may suggest their course, treatment, and prognosis.

Front 32

lithium carbonate

Back 32

Common salt used in substantial doses to treat bipolar disorder. Clients often discontinue its use because they enjoy the manic periods, and relapse rates are high. The mechanism for its effects is unknown.

Front 33

learned helplessness

Back 33

Martin Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives (whether or not they do in reality).

Front 34

interpersonal therapy

Back 34

Brief, structured treatment that focuses on teaching a person skills to improve existing relationships or develop new ones.

Front 35

interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

Back 35

Brief treatment approach that emphasizes resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors, such as role disputes, in marital conflict or forming relationships in marriage or a new job. It has demonstrated effectiveness for such problems as depression.

Front 36

hypomanic episode

Back 36

Less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders.

Front 37

hallucinations

Back 37

Psychotic symptoms of perceptual disturbance in which things are seen, heard, or otherwise sensed although they are not actually present.

Front 38

fluoxetine

Back 38

Serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor (trade name Prozac) that acts on the serotonergic system as a treatment for depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and bulimia nervosa.

Front 39

fatalistic suicide

Back 39

Suicide in the context of a person's hopelessness and loss of the feeling of control over personal destiny.

Front 40

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Back 40

Biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. The reasons for its effectiveness are unknown.

Front 41

egoistic suicide

Back 41

Suicide that occurs in the context of diminished social supports, as in the case of some elderly people who have lost friends and family contacts.

Front 42

dysthymic disorder

Back 42

Mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months.

Front 43

dysfunctional attitudes

Back 43

Cognitive errors seen in depressed individuals, who may automatically assume the worst, draw negative conclusions arbitrarily, and treat minor problems as major ones.

Front 44

double depression

Back 44

Severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder.

Front 45

dexamethasone suppression test (DST)

Back 45

Proposed biological test for depression. The test failed to discriminate depression from other disorders.

Front 46

depressive stupor (catatonic depressive episode)

Back 46

Rare but severe depressive episode experienced by someone with a mood disorder, featuring, usually, substantial reduction in spontaneous motor movement or, occasionally, agitation or odd mannerisms.

Front 47

depressive cognitive triad

Back 47

Thinking errors in depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future.

Front 48

delusion

Back 48

Psychotic symptom involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality.

Front 49

cyclothymic disorder

Back 49

Chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes.

Front 50

course modifiers

Back 50

Patterns of development in a disorder that help predict its future course. These include recurrence, time sequences, and seasonal pattern.

Front 51

cortisol

Back 51

Stress hormone (corticosteroid) secreted by the cortex of the adrenal glands as part of the stress response.

Front 52

corticosteroids

Back 52

Hormones, including cortisol, released by the adrenal gland in response to stressors to activate and, later, to turn off the body's stress response. Also called stress hormones.

Front 53

cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT)

Back 53

Group of treatment procedures aimed at identifying and modifying faulty thought processes, attitudes and attributions, and problem behaviors; often used synonymously with cognitive therapy.

Front 54

cognitive therapy

Back 54

Treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudesand, ultimately, more adaptive behavior and coping styles.

Front 55

cognitive restructuring

Back 55

Cognitive therapy procedure used to change negative or unrealistic thoughts or attributions.

Front 56

catalepsy

Back 56

Motor movement disturbance seen in people with some psychoses and mood disorders in which body postures are waxy and can be sculpted to remain fixed for long periods.

Front 57

bipolar II disorder

Back 57

Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes).

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bipolar I disorder

Back 58

Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes.

Front 59

atypical depressive episode

Back 59

Depressive episode characterized by some ability to experience interest and pleasure, increased anxiety, overeating, and oversleeping.

Front 60

anomic suicide

Back 60

Suicide motivated by loss and confusion caused by a major life disruption.

Front 61

altruistic suicide

Back 61

Formalized suicide approved of and even expected by some cultures.