Abnormal Lecture 7

Front 1

PANIC CYCLE:

Back 1

Begins with bodily sensations (increased) --> Misinterpretation of bodily sensations --> Increased anxiety --> increased bodily sensations..CYCLE!

Front 2

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

First introduced in the..Before this, just a..

Back 2

DSM-III-R (1980). Before this, residual disorder.

Front 3

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Important changes in the DSM-IV definition.

Back 3

First DSM to remove autonomic arousal.

Front 4

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Core diagnostic feature:

Back 4

excessive, uncontrollable worry about a variety of events/outcomes

Front 5

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety occurs..for at least..

Back 5

more days than not for at least 6 months

Front 6

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

In adults, must have an additional __ of __ somatic symptoms (or Criteria C symptoms)

Back 6

must have 3 of 6 symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbance.

DOES NOT INCLUDE AUTONOMIC AROUSAL.

Front 7

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Need to distinguish from other..

Back 7

anxiety disorders also involving excessive worry.

Front 8

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The criteria of 'unrealistic' has been..

Back 8

deleted, since worries do tend to be about everyday things.

Front 9

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Proposed change for DSM V -- criteria will be changed to __ months

Back 9

3 months - people diagnosed will increase about 20%

Front 10

Normal vs. Abnormal Worry
Worry occurs in response to perceived future threat. High worriers have..

Back 10

biased threat perception (Rapee). Suggests that GAD should be seen as people with extremely high levels of threat anxiety.

Front 11

Normal vs. Abnormal Worry

Duration and frequency (measured by diary keeping etc) is hard to assess, since they often don't know if when exactly anxiety begins and ends. Not entirely sure that high worries worry for longer periods of time because of this. BUT suggested that high worriers worry...

Back 11

more frequently and uncontrollably.

Front 12

Normal vs. Abnormal Worry

Concerns mainly social threat in adults, more about physical threat in older adults.

High worries worry about more..

Back 12

daily hassles and minor events (Craske et al, 1989).

Front 13

Normal vs. Abnormal Worry

Contains verbal thought vs. imagery. High worriers..

Back 13

have relatively more verbal thought (Borkovec, 1994).

Front 14

Perceived positive aspects of worry (Egosyntonic) include..

Back 14

Motivating action, helping problem solving, helping avoid negative outcomes, helping to distract from potentially even more distressing topics.

Front 15

Normal vs. Abnormal Worry

Perceived positive aspects of worry -- high worriers..

Back 15

believe more strongly in the perceived positive aspects of worry. Only difference appears to be in the last aspect listed -- high worriers use worry to distract from other things while low worriers don't.

Front 16

Perceived negative aspects of worry (Egodystonic) include..

Back 16

it being uncontrollable and leading to mental or physical harm (Wells & Carter, 1999)

Front 17

Normal vs. Abnormal Worry

Worry control: problem solving, distraction, social support. Low worriers usually stop worrying by simple problem solving. Those who worry more have less success with this, and tend to use a different technique of..

Back 17

thought suppression (Cartwright-Hatton and Wells), involving pushing thoughts out of head or punishing yourself for the thought.

Front 18

Problem solving theories
Worrying involves..

Back 18

problem solving attempts (Davey, 1994)

Front 19

Problem solving theories

Problem solving attempts of pathological worriers are..

Back 19

'thwarted' since they have biased threat perception

Front 20

Problem solving theories

Social Problem Solving comprises of..

Back 20

defining the problem, generating alternative solutions, solution evaluation and then selecting the best solution.

Front 21

Social Problem Solving

For high worriers, the stages of ___ ___ and ___ ___ are problematic:

Back 21

stages of solution evaluation and solution selection difficult since having biased threat perception means you are good at coming up with negative evaluations but not as good with positive evaluations.