Abnormal Behavior: Midterm 1

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psychological Disorder

Back 1

psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning that is not a typical or culturally expected response.

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Psychological Dysfunction

Back 2

Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning.

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abnormality

Back 3

Unexpected actions often evaluated negatively because they differ from typical or usual behavior.

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Criteria to define abnormality

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Dysfunction, personal distress, impairment, atypical
behavioral, psychological, and biological dysfunctions unexpected in their cultural context associated w/ distress and impairment in functioning, or risk of death, suffering or pain.

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presenting problem

Back 5

Original complaint reported by the client to the therapist. The actual treated problem may be a modification derived from the presenting problem.

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Prevalence

Back 6

Number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time.

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Incidence

Back 7

Number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period.

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1.Chronic
2. episodic
3. acute onset
4. insidious onset

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1. Tends to last a long time
2. recovery w/in few months to reoccur at a later time
3. Begin Suddenly
4. develop gradually over an extended period of time

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Defense Mechanism

Back 9

Common pattern of behavior, often an adaptive coping style when it occurs in moderation, observed in response to a particular situation. Psychoanalytic theory suggests that defense mechanisms are unconscious processes originating in the ego.

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Examples of Defense Mechanism:

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Denial Repression
Displacement Sublimation
Projections
Rationalization
Reaction Formation

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Denial

Back 11

Refuse to acknowledge some aspect of objective reality or subjective experience that is apparent to others

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Displacement

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Transfers a feeling about, or a response to an object that causes discomfort onto another, usually less-threatening, object or person

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Projection

Back 13

Falsely attributes own unacceptable feelings, impulses, or thoughts to another individual or object

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Rationalization

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Conceals the true motivations for actions, thoughts or feelings through elaborate reassuring or self serving but incorrect explanation

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Reaction Formation

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substitutes behavior, thoughts or feelings that are the direct opposite of unacceptable one

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Repression

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Blocks disturbing wishes, thoughts, or experiences from conscious awareness

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Sublimation

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Directs potentially maladaptive feelings or impulses into socially acceptable behavior.

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Supernatural

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14th century- exorcisms: religious rituals performed on a disorder behavior to possessions by demons and driving them out of the body.

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Hippocrates

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Greek Physician (460-377 BC) Father of modern Western medicine believed psych disorders might also be caused by brain pathology (origin of disease) or head trauma and could be influenced by heredity (genetics).

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Dorothea Dix

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(1802-1887) campaigned for reform in the treatment of insanity. Worked in many institutions & had first hand knowledge of the deplorable conditions imposed on patients. Her work was known as mental hygiene movement. Reformed asylums & constructed more clinics.

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One dimensional v Multidimensional

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one dimensional is a linear model.
multi: Results from multiple influences. systemic nothing is taken out of contexts like biology, cognitive, behavior, emotional, social, and cultural Each component affects one another.

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Diathesis Stress Model

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Hypothesis that both an inherited tendency (a vulnerability) and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder.
Each inherited tendency is the diathesis

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Reciprocal Gene Environment Model

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Hypothesis that people with genetic predisposition (inclination) for a disorder may also have a genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder.

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Neurotransmitters

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Chemical that crosses the synaptic cleft (space b/n nerve cells) to transmit impulses from one neuron to the next. Relative excess or deficiency of neurotransmitters is involved in several psychological disorders. i.e. reduced levels of GABA=excessive anxiety, dopamine to schizophrenia & others to depression.