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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between adaptive and maladaptive fears?
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In adaptive fear, people's concerns are realistic, given the circumstances, but in maladaptive anxiety, their concerns are unrealistic. What they are axious about cannot hurt them or is very unlikely to come about. --also they have persistant fears that wont go away if maladaptive as well as fear that is out of proportion.
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Which definition is this?
Short but intense periods in which people experience anxiety: heart palpitations, trembling, a feeling of choking, dizziness, intense dread, etc. |
Panic attacks
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When are panic disorders diagnosed?
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-When panic attacks become a common occurance
-when the panic attacks are not provoked by a situation when a person begins to worry about having attacks and then changes behavior due to that |
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What are some common erroneous beliefs of people with panic disorders?
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-Fear that they have life-threatening illnesses
-Fear that they are going crazy or losing control |
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What percentage of people will develop a panic disorder sometime in their lives?
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3-4%
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When do most people develop panic disorders?
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Between late adolesence and mid-thirties.
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What are some other things that people with panic disorders suffer from?
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-Generalized anxiety disorder
-depression -alcohol abuse -are also more likely to commit suicide/attempt. |
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What percentage of people with Panic disorders become agoraphobic?
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One third to half of all people with panic disorders.
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Is panic disorder hereditary?
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yes.
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Which neurotransmitter is associated with panic disorders?
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Norepinephrine.
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Where in the brain is panic disorder said to stem from?
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The locus ceruleus.
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What are characteristics of people who are agoraphobic?
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-Fear of crowded bustling places
-Fear of enclosed places -Fear of wide open spaces -Fear of places where they may have trouble escaping or finding help. |
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What are the 4 main types of specific phobias?
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-animal
-natural environment -situational -blood-injection-injury |
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Which definition is this?
A phobia focused on specific animals or insects, such as dogs, cats, snakes, or spiders. *Snake phobia is the most common in the U.S. |
Animal type phobia
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Which definition is this?
Phobia that is focused on events or situations int he natural environment, such as storms, heights, or water. |
Natural environment type phobia
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Which definition is this?
Phobia that usually involves a fear of public transportation, tunnels, bridges, elevators, flying, and driving. *Claustrophobia is the most common situational phobia. |
Situational type phobia
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Which definition is this?
A phobia of seeing blood or injury. |
Blood-injection-injury type phobia
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Which definition is this?
A phobia that involves fear of being judged or embarrassed in front of others. |
Social phobia.
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What is the applied tension technique and what is it used for?
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It increases blood pressure and heart rate and is used in people with blood-injection-injury phobias to help keep them from faiting.
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What is the modeling technique used for?
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Therapists model behaviors most feared by their clients before they attempt them themselves -through observational learning the client begins to associate these behaviors with a calm, nonanxious repsonse in the therapist, which reduces the clients own anxiety.
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What is the concept of flooding?
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The idea behind flooding is to intensively expose a client to his or her feared object until anxiety extinguishes.
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What are self efficacy expectations?
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Creating the expectations in clients that they can master their problems--very helpful in phobias.
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What are some common symptoms that go along with GAD?
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Anxiety, muscle tension, sleep disturbances, and chronic sense of restlessness.
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What percentage of men and women suffer from GAD?
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5% of women, 3% of men.
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When does GAD generally appear?
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Childhood or adolecence.
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What is realistic anxiety?
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When we are faced with real danger or a threat, such as an oncoming tornado.
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What is neurotic anxiety?
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When we are repeatedly prevented from expressing our id impulses. The energy of those impulses is not allowed to releaseand it causes anxiety.
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What is moral anxiety?
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When we have been punished for expressing our id impulses, and we come to associate those impulses with punishment, causing anxiety.
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What is cognitive behavioral therapy?
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It helps clients identify and challenge negative, catastophizing throughts about feared situations.
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What are biological treatments used in phobias?
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They reduce symptoms of anxiety generally, so that they do not arise in the feared situation.
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Which theory of anxiety is this?
GAD results when impulses are feared and cannot be expressed. |
Freud's theory of anxiety.
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Which theory of anxiety is this?
Children whose parents are not warm and nurturing develop images of self as vulnerable and images of others as hostile, which results in chronic anxiety. |
Newest psychodynamic theories of anxiety.
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Which theory of anxiety is this?
GAD occurs in children who develop a harsh set of self standards they feel they must achieve in order to be acceptable. |
Humanistic theory.
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Which theory of GAD is this?
GAD is due to existential anxiety, a universal fear of limits and responsibilities of one's existence. |
Existential theory.
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Which theory of GAD is this?
Both conscious and unconscious thoughts of people with GAD are focused on threat, leading to chronic anxiety. |
Cognitive theories.
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Which theory of GAD is this?
People with GAD have a deficiency in GABA receptors, resulting in excessive firing in the limbic system. |
GABA theory.
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Which theory of GAD is this?
A biological vulnerability to GAD is inherited. |
Genetic theory.
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Which definition is this?
A disorder characterized by chronic symptoms of anxiety across most situations. |
Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
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What is the function of benzodiazepine drugs?
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They provide short term relief from the symptoms of anxiety.
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Which definition is this?
Thoughts, images, ideas or impulses that are persistent, that hte individual feels intrude upon his or her consciousness without control and that cause significant anxiety or distress. |
Obsessions.
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Which definition is this?
Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels he or she must perform. |
Compulsions.
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Which definition is this?
An anxiety disorder that is a results in anxiety because of obsessive thoughts and need to carry out compulsive behaviors. |
OCD
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When do males and females experience OCD onset?
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The peak age of onset for males is between 6 and 15 years, and for females it is between 20-29 years.
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What percentage of people will develop OCD at some point in their lives?
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1-3%.
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Which race has the most diagnoses of OCD?
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Whites.
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What is the most common compulsion of OCD?
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Obsession of dirt and contamination- washing hands.
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What theory of OCD is this?
People with OCD suffer from dysfunction in the circuits in the brain regulating primitive impulses, possibly due to deficiences in serotonin, which causes OCD. |
Biological theories.
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Which theory of OCD is this?
The obsessions and compulsions of people with OCD represent unconscious wishes or conflicts. |
Psychodynamic theories.
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Which theory of OCD is this?
People with OCD have difficulty turning off intrusive thoughts because of chronic distress, a tendency toward rigid thinking, and the belief that they should be able to control their thoughts. |
Cognitive behavioral theories.
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Which treatment for OCD is this?
Use of serotonin enhancing drugs. |
Biological treatments.
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Which treatment for OCD is this?
Expose the client to obsessions until anxiety about obsessions decreases; prevent compulsive behaviors and help the client manage anxiety that is aroused. |
Cognitive behavioral treatments.
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How do compulsive behaviors develop?
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Through operant conditioning. People are reinforced for compulsive behaviors by the fact that they reduce anxiety.
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What do effective therapies for OCD include?
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A combination between:
-selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors -cognitive behavioral therapy. |
