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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is 'normal' pH of the human body?
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7.35 – 7.45
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What are 'normal' PaCO2 values?
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4.5 – 6 kPa
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What are 'normal' base excess values?
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-2 - +2
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What are 'normal' HCO3 values?
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22 – 26 mmol/l
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What are 'normal' PaO2 values?
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10.5 – 14 kPa
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What is the normal range for heart rate (HR) ?
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50 - 100
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What is the normal range for blood pressure (BP)?
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95 - 120
----------- 60 - 90 |
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What is the normal temperature of the human body?
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36.5 – 37.5 C
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What is the normal value for creative reactive protein (CRP)? What does it tell you?
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Normal CRP = <10
Indication of inflammation: Mild inflammation / viral infections (10–40 mg/L), Active inflammation / bacterial infection (40–200 mg/L) Severe bacterial infections / burns (>200 mg/L) |
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What do the following heart rates tell you?
(a) < 50 (b) > 100 |
(a) Bradycardia
(b) Tachycardia |
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What is the normal white blood cell (WBC) count?
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4 - 11
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What percentage (%) should SaO2 be?
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>95%
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(a) What is the normal range for haemoglobin concentration (Hb)?
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(a) 12 - 16
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What does low Hb indicate?
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Anaemia - low RBC count or reduced Hb quantity.
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What may the symptoms of low Hb be?
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(1) Weakness (2) fatigue
(3) general malaise (4) poor concentration (5) dyspnea - shortness of breath (6) Cardiac output to compensate, tachycardia (severe) |
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What may cause Hb level to be high?
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Smoking - high altitude - certain tumours - blood doping (Epogen)
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Definition: Sepsis
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"the presence in tissues of harmful bacteria and their toxins, typically through infection of a wound"
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What does (a) FEV1 (b) FVC mean?
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(a) FEV1 - Forced Expiratory Volume (1sec)
(b) FVC - The amount of air which can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after the deepest breath possible. |
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What is the FEV1/FVC ratio?
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Forced Volume Capacity
Calculated ratio used in the diagnosis of obstructive and restrictive lung disease. It represents a person's vital capacity that they are able to expire in the first second of expiration |
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What values of FEV1/FVC are considered normal and abnormal?
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NORMAL = 75-80%
Obstructive Lung Disease = < 75% Restrictive Lung Disease = >80 |
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What does a FEV1 of >80% mean? Why?
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Restrictive lung disease.
FVC is reduced due to max inspiration is restricted. FEV1 increased from lung's decreased compliance |
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What does FEV1 of <75% mean? Why?
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Obstructive lung disease.
FEV1 is reduced due to an obstruction of air escaping from the lungs. |
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What does altered base excess indicate?
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Below -2 = metabolic acidosis
Above +2 = metabolic alkalosis |
