Abg, 2Nd Semester

Front 1

Sea Level ABG PH

Back 1

7.35-7.45

Front 2

Sea Level PaCO2

Back 2

35-45

Front 3

Sea Level PaO2

Back 3

80-100

Front 4

Sea Level HCO3-

Back 4

22-26

Front 5

Albuquerque pH

Back 5

7.35-7.45

Front 6

Albuquerque PaCO2

Back 6

33-38

Front 7

Albuquerque PaO2

Back 7

65-75

Front 8

Albuquerque HCO3-

Back 8

18-26

Front 9

Low pH, High PCO2

Back 9

Respiratory Acidosis

Front 10

High pH, Low PCO2

Back 10

Respiratory Alkalosis

Front 11

High pH, High HCO3-

Back 11

Metabolic Alkalosis

Front 12

Low pH, low HCO3-

Back 12

Metabolic acidosis

Front 13

PCO2 & HCO3- in the same direction

Back 13

partially compensated

Front 14

PCO2 & HCO3- in different directions

Back 14

combined

Front 15

When performing a single breath CO diffusion study, at what point should the patient be instructed to begin inhaling the gas mixture?

Back 15

following a maximal exhalation or RV

Front 16

What is the best explanation for the use of helium to facilitate a dilutional measurement of FRC?

Back 16

Helium is not significantly absorbed in the blood and therefore does not transfer through the AC membrane

Front 17

The body plethysmograph operates according to which law?

Back 17

Pascal's law, Boyle's law

Front 18

After the 10-second breath-hold during the single-breath DLCO procedure, why should the first portion of the subject's exhaled gas be excluded from analysis of the collected exhaled sample?

Back 18

because it is essentially gas contained in anatomic dead space

Front 19

Which test involves: a tight seal with a bite block mouthpiece and noseclips; turning the patient into 100% O2 source at FRC; tidal breathing for 3 - 7 minutes until the dilution gas is <1.5% in the exhaled gas; and measurement of the total exhaled volume

Back 19

nitrogen washout

Front 20

A decreased DLCO value may be indicative of:
i. decreased diffusion capacity
ii. destruction of alveolar surface area
iii. anemia
iv. polycythemia

Back 20

I, II and III only

Front 21

An abnormally increased blood volume in the pulmonary vasculature will cause measurement error in which of the following tests?

A. Helium dilution
B. Maximum voluntary ventilation
C. Slow Vital Capacity
D. DLCO

Back 21

DLCO

Front 22

A patient with severe air trapping with uncommunicating blebs has his FRC measured using the closed-circuit method and by plethysmography. The FRC as measured by the gas dilution method would be:

Back 22

smaller than the TGV

Front 23

Plethysmography is useful
i. where nonventilated areas of the lung exist
ii. in measuring FRC
iii. in determining the diffusion capacity of the lungs
iv. in determining RV

Back 23

I, II and IV

Front 24

A normal RAW and a decreased SGAW is most consistent with:

Back 24

emphysema

Front 25

A pressure differential pneumotach has gained in popularity because of:
i. compact size and mechanical simplicity
ii. it does not need to be calibrated
iii. less risk of cross contamination
iv. virtual indestructibility

Back 25

I, III

Front 26

The following is(are) (an) advantage(s) of the Fleisch or Silverman/Lilly pneumotach:
i. little calibration is necessary
ii. accurate at any flowrate
iii. small size
iv. is especially useful for helium dilution studies without any added equipment
v. requires only a "dry seal"

Back 26

iii

Front 27

The pressure differential pneumotach works because

Back 27

pressure drop through a resistive element is proportional to flow

Front 28

A peakflow meter gives a reasonably good estimation of:

Back 28

the maximum flow attained during a forced exhalation following a maximum inhalation

Front 29

A patient with a decreased FVC, increased FEV1%, narrow flow volume loop, reduced TLC, no bronchodilator response, and a reduced DLCO most likely has:

Back 29

pulmonary fibrosis

Front 30

A positive bronchodilator response according to ATS standards is (are):
i a 12% increase in FVC or FEV1 post bronchodilator
ii a flow volume loop that no longer looks too narrow
iii a 200 cc increase in FVC or FEV1 post bronchodilator
iv a TLC increase above 120% of predicted
v a decrease in expiratory time during a FVC of at least 2 seconds

Back 30

i, iii

Front 31

A patient with airflow obstruction, a normal TLC, air trapping, a bronchodilator response, and a normal DLCO most likely has:

Back 31

asthma

Front 32

Which of the following are methods for measuring FRC?
i. N2 wash out
ii. radiological estimation
iii. he dilution
iv. maximal voluntary ventilation
v. body plethysmography

Back 32

i, iii, v

Front 33

Regarding the Wright Respirometer, which of the following is
false?

A. it operates using a rotating vane and gears
B. it can be used to measure an FEF 25 -75
C. it can be used to measure tidal volumes
D. it can be used to measure minute volumes

Back 33

it can be used to measure an FEF 25 -75

Front 34

Diffusing capacity can be decreased in
A. obstructive disease
B. restrictive disease
C. c. both obstructive and restrictive disease
D. neither obstructive or restrictive disease

Back 34

C. both obstructive and restrictive disease

Front 35

A patient with severe COPD comes to the PFT Lab for a complete study. The patient performs the spirometry but refuses to enter the body box. The patient is a CO2 retainer and very sensitive to hypoxic drive. Given all the required equipment, what other testing method should you choose to complete the study ?

Back 35

He dilution

Front 36

A patient with severe COPD comes to the PFT Lab for a complete study. The patient performs the spirometry but refuses to enter the body box. The patient is a CO2 retainer and very sensitive to hypoxic drive. Given all the required equipment, what other testing method should you choose to complete the study ?

Back 36

He dilution

Front 37

When using a plastic syringe to draw a blood gas, you must position the plunger just prior to the actual stick.

Back 37

out 1.5 to 2 cc to allow for an adequate sample volume

Front 38

Which of the following is not an advantage of using the radial artery for an arterial blood gas puncture?
A. presence of collateral circulation
B. closeness of the artery to the skin surface
C. relative small size of the artery
D. a and b

Back 38

relative small size of the artery

Front 39

Hypoventilation will cause:

Back 39

respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia

Front 40

During an ABG attempt you decide to probe for the artery; you should:

Back 40

withdraw the needle straight out until the tip is just below the skin and redirect

Front 41

Regarding the modified Allen's test, which of the following is false?

A. Initially, both the radial and ulnar arteries are held.
B. The hand should "pink up" within 15 seconds after release of the ulnar artery.
C. It should be performed before doing a radial puncture.
D. It should be performed before doing a brachial puncture.
E. it checks the ulnar artery for collateral circulation

Back 41

It should be performed before doing a brachial puncture.

Front 42

Which of the following is not caused by patient anxiety?

A. hyperventilation
B. decreased PaCO2
C. increased pH
D. increased metabolism of the sample

Back 42

increased metabolism of the sample

Front 43

Which of the following are directly measured during arterial blood gas analysis
i. pH
ii. PCO2
iii. PO2
iv. HCO3
v. SaO2

Back 43

i, ii, iii

Front 44

Rationale for obtaining arterial blood gases include:
i. determining electrolyte levels of the patient
ii. determining ventilatory status of the patient
iii. determining oxygenation status of the patient
iv. determining the patient's hematocrit
v. determining the acid-base status of the patient

Back 44

II, III, V

Front 45

The femoral artery is preferred during a "code" because:

Back 45

the vessel is large

Front 46

Advantages of using the radial artery for a puncture site include:
i. there is adequate collateral blood flow through the ulnar artery
ii. it has a higher PaO2 than other arteries
iii. it provides the largest target
iv. it is close to the surface of the skin
v. it will not spasm

Back 46

I, IV

Front 47

Regarding delays in analyzing arterial blood gas samples, which of the following is false?
A. the effects can be minimized by putting the sample on ice
B. the PaO2 will decrease if the delay is long
C. the PaCO2 will decrease if the delay is long
D. the PaCO2 will increase if the delay is long

Back 47

the PaCO2 will decrease if the delay is long

Front 48

When doing a blood gas you must position the bevel of the needle:

Back 48

up

Front 49

Which of the following methods of lung volume determination correlates best with body plethysmography in patients with severe obstruction?
A. N2 washout
B. He dilution
C. radiologic determination of TLC
D. single breath washout

Back 49

radiologic determination of TLC

Front 50

Which of the following devices CANNOT be used to measure a
slow vital capacity?
A. Wright respirometer
B. Pneumotach
C. Water Seal Spirometer
D. Peak Flowmeter

Back 50

peak flowmeter

Front 51

Air bubbles, if present in an arterial blood gas sample can cause:
I.an increase or decrease in PaO2
II. an increase in PaCO2
III. a decrease in PaCO2
IV. a decrease in HCO3

Back 51

I, III

Front 52

Which of the following is not one of the three primary sites for an ABG

radial
brachial
carotid
femoral

Back 52

carotid

Front 53

Possible hazards or complications of an arterial puncture include:
i. infection
ii. hematoma
iii. laceration of artery
iv. vessel spasm
v. embolism

Back 53

I, II, III, IV, V

Front 54

Appropriate techniques to use when performing a radial arterial puncture include which of the following:
i. performing a modified Allen's test
ii. entering the artery at a 90 degree angle
iii. applying pressure on site of puncture for a maximum of 3 min
iv. removing all air bubbles from the sample
v. cleansing site to be punctured and the fingers being used to palpate site

Back 54

I, IV, V

Front 55

Regarding arterial punctures, which of the following is true?
a Doctor's order is needed in order to do one
the puncture can be painful for the patient
a hematoma can result from the procedure
the sample should be put in ice after it is drawn if analysis is not immenent

Back 55

all of the above

Front 56

After performing a femoral arterial puncture, pressure should be applied for a minimum of:

Back 56

10 minutes

Front 57

You perform an ABG on an alert COPD patient in mild respiratory distress breathing room air. You notice that the dark blood fills the syringe very slowly. The results are..... pH = 7.35, PCO2 = 47 mmHg, and PO2 = 32 mmHg. What would you do next?

Back 57

repeat the ABG because you suspect a venous sample

Front 58

All of the following are necessary equipment needed for an arterial puncture, except:
A. heparin (if syringe is not pre-heparinized)
B. syringe
C. alcohol and betadine wipes
D. tourniquet
E. sterile gauze pad

Back 58

tourniquet

Front 59

Regarding the use of a local anesthetic when doing an arterial puncture, which of the following is false?
A. a 50% lidocaine solution should be used
B. it should be given before the arterial puncture is performed
C. care should be taken to not inject the anesthetic in a blood vessel
D. a TB syringe is used to give the anesthetic

Back 59

a 50% lidocaine solution should be used