Abd/pelvic Review

Front 1

What Omental sac is the Panc located by?

Back 1

Behind the Lesser Omental sac.

Front 2

Location of Panc and surrounding structures?

Back 2

Deep in Epigastrium & Left Hypochondrium posterior to stomach & duodenum and proximal jenjunum.

Front 3

Location of GDA in relationship to the Panc?

Back 3

Anterior lateral border of the Panc to Right of neck.

Front 4

Relationship of the CBD to the Panc?

Back 4

Inferior & Posterior to head of Panc.

Front 5

Is the Pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

Back 5

Retroperitoneal

Front 6

Where is tail of the pancreas in relationship to other organs?

Back 6

Anterior to left kidney, begins at left lateral border of aorta, extends to splenic hilum.

Front 7

What is the name of the main pancreatic duct? What are the normal measurements?

Back 7

Duct of Wirsung. Less than 2mm.

Front 8

What duct joins the CBD to enter the second portion of the duodenum?

Back 8

Pancreatic Duct.

Front 9

Normal measurement of the Pancreas?

Back 9

Length: 15cm(12-18cm)
Head: 2-3cm
Neck: 1.5-2.5cm
Body: 2-2.5cm
Tail: 1-2cm

Front 10

Landmarks of the Pancreas.

Back 10

Celiac, Splenic Artery, CHA, GDA, SMA, PV, SV, SMV, CBD

Front 11

What are Islets of Langerhans & their function?

Back 11

Small cells that comprise the endocrine portion of the panc. Production of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin.

Front 12

What labs correlate with Pancreatic function?

Back 12

Amylase, Lipase, Glucose

Front 13

Course of the main pancreatic duct?

Back 13

Enters the medial 2nd. part of duodenum & CBD at Ampulla of Vater.

Front 14

Clinical signs and symptoms of pancreatitis?

Back 14

Abdominal pain radiating to back, nausea, vomiting, mild fever, increase amylase, leukocytosis.

Front 15

Arterial supply of the Pancreas.

Back 15

Splenic artery, pancreaticoduodenal arteries.

Front 16

Where is the Splenic artery and vein in relationship to the pancreas.

Back 16

Superior border of body & tail horizontal to splenic hilum. Vein; runs from splenic hilum along posterior aspect.

Front 17

Where is the celiac axis in relationship to the pancreas?

Back 17

Superior border of panc.

Front 18

Where is SMV in relation to the panc?

Back 18

Posterior to neck of the panc, anterior to uncinate process.

Front 19

Symptoms of Cystic fibrosis?

Back 19

Asymptomatic.

Front 20

Common causes of pancreatitis?

Back 20

Biliary tract disease, alcoholism.

Front 21

What is annular pancreas?

Back 21

Rare, Head surrounds 2nd. portion of duodenum.

Front 22

Where does enzyme distruction of the panc accumulate?

Back 22

Head

Front 23

What are the sonographic charateristics of acute pancreatitis?

Back 23

Hypoechoic mass w/ smooth walls, possible irregular walls with internal echos.

Front 24

Signs and symptoms of pancreatic hemorrhage?

Back 24

Decrease in hematocrit & serum calcium levels, hypotension despite volume replacement, metabolic acidosis, adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Front 25

Why is the pancreas reflective in sonographic appearance?

Back 25

Fat lobules.

Front 26

What is Phlegmon of the Pancreas?

Back 26

Spreading diffuse inflammatory edema of soft tissues that proceed to necrosis & supporation

Front 27

Where does most absorption of food take place?

Back 27

Intestinal Glands. (Sm.intestine?)

Front 28

Most common cause of pancreatitis in children?

Back 28

Trauma

Front 29

Clinical signs of Pancreatic cancer?

Back 29

Increase of Amylase, weight loss, decrease appetite, nausea, vomiting, stool changes, pain radiates to back, painless jaundice.

Front 30

Most Gastric cancers occur?

Back 30

Pylorus.

Front 31

Small bowel obstruction is associated with?

Back 31

Dilation of bowel loops, proximal to site of obstruction.

Front 32

What is bulls eye or target pattern?

Back 32

Inflammed appendix, Gastro-esophageal junction.

Front 33

Sonographic appearance of appendicitis?

Back 33

Wall greater than 2mm, target sign, lack of peristalsis, not compressable, increased blood flow.

Front 34

What is anterior to the panc and sometimes confused with the panc duct?

Back 34

Stomach (collapsed)

Front 35

Sonographic findings of Chrons disease?

Back 35

Symmetrically swollen bowel, target patterns w/ preserved parietal layers around stenotic & hyperdense lumen, increase wall thickening, rigidity to pressure, peristalsis absent or sluggish.

Front 36

Location of appendix.

Back 36

On abdominal wall under Mcburney's point.

Front 37

What is a keyboard sign?

Back 37

Valvulae conniventes may be seen as linear echo densities spaced 3-5mm apart.

Front 38

What cancers typically metastisize to the stomach?

Back 38

Melanoma, breast, lung

Front 39

Normal measurements of the appendix?

Back 39

1-9 inches.

Front 40

What is Embryologic mistake?

Back 40

Duplication Cysts

Front 41

Where is diverticulum most common?

Back 41

Colon.

Front 42

Most common tumor of the GI tract in children?

Back 42

Lymphoma

Front 43

Segments of the colon are divided into?

Back 43

Ascending, Descending, transverse, sigmoid

Front 44

What arterial system supplies both the small and large intestines?

Back 44

Celiac, SMA, IMA

Front 45

What division of the duodenum courses to the level of the GB neck?

Back 45

Superior portion.

Front 46

What ligaments support the greater curvature of the stomach.

Back 46

Greater omentary, gastrophrenic ligament, Ileorenal ligament.

Front 47

What is the entrance of the esophagus into the stomach called?

Back 47

Cardiac Orifice.

Front 48

Appendix perforation is more rapid in what age group?

Back 48

Preschool children 70%, other children 30%.

Front 49

Where do gastroinestinal leiomyosarcoma most commonly occur?

Back 49

Ileum

Front 50

The pseudokidney sign may be seen in?

Back 50

Gastric Carcinoma.

Front 51

Symptoms of appendiceal mucoceles?

Back 51

RUQ pain.

Front 52

Sonographic appearance of Lymphoma of the stomach?

Back 52

Large hypoechoic mass, thickened gastric walls, spoke-wheel pattern within the mass.