Abdominopelvic Sonography Review Test 1- (10, 11, 12)

Front 1

Hereditary disease that causes excessive production of thick mucous

Back 1

cystic fibrosis

Front 2

fluid accumulation causes by a rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the abdomen; free-floating pancreatic enzymes are very dangerous to surrounding structures

Back 2

Pancreatic ascites

Front 3

enlargement of the gallbladder caused by a slow, progressive obstruction of the distal common bile duct from an external mass, such as adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head

Back 3

Courvoisier's sign

Front 4

abnormal increase in WBC's caused by infections

Back 4

leukocytosis

Front 5

"sterile abscess" collection of pancreatic enzymes that accumulate in the available space in the abdomen, usually in or near the pancreas

Back 5

pancreatic pseudocyst

Front 6

space or cavity that contains fluid but has no true endothelial lining membrane

Back 6

pseudocyst

Front 7

enzyme secreted by the pancreas to aid in the digestion of carbohydrates

Back 7

amylase

Front 8

hormone that causes glycogen formation from glucose in the liver and that allows circulations glucose to enter tissue cells

Back 8

insulin

Front 9

pancreatic enzyme that is elevated during pancreatitis

Back 9

serum amylase

Front 10

the kind of pancreatic function that involves the production and digestion of pancreatic juice

Back 10

exocrine function

Front 11

the kind of pancreatic function that involves the production of the hormone insulin

Back 11

endocrine function

Front 12

serves as the posterior border to the body of the pancreas

Back 12

superior mesenteric artery

Front 13

lies in the C-loop of the duodenum; the gastroduodenal artery is the anteriolateral border, and the common bile duct is the posterolateral border

Back 13

head of the pancreas

Front 14

forms the right superior border of the body and head of the pancreas and gives rise to the gastroduodenal artery

Back 14

common hepatic artery

Front 15

lies posterior to the neck or body of the pancreas and anterior to the uncinate process of the gland

Back 15

superior mesenteric vein (SMV)

Front 16

small, curved tip of the pancreatic head that lies posterior to the superior mesenteric vein (SMV)

Back 16

uncinate process

Front 17

lies in the epigastrum anterior to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and vein (SMV), aorta, and inferior vena cava (IVC)

Back 17

body of the pancreas

Front 18

junction of the splenic vein and main portal vein; posterior border of the body of the pancreas

Back 18

portal-splenic confluence

Front 19

tapered end of the pancreas that lies in the left hypochrondrium near the hilus of the spleen and upper pole of the left kidney

Back 19

tail of the pancreas

Front 20

positive sign implies exquisite tenderness over the area of the gallbladder upon palpation

Back 20

Murphy's sign

Front 21

stones in the bile duct

Back 21

choledocholithiasis

Front 22

small septum within the gallbladder, usually arising from the posterior wall

Back 22

junctional fold

Front 23

cystic growth on the common bile duct that may cause obstruction

Back 23

choledochal cyst

Front 24

inflammation of gallbladder; may be acute or chronic

Back 24

cholecystitis

Front 25

variant of adenomyomatosis; cholesterol polyps

Back 25

cholesterolosis

Front 26

small polypoid projections from the gallbladder wall

Back 26

adenomyomatosis

Front 27

inflammation of the bile duct

Back 27

cholangitis

Front 28

calcification of gallbladder wall

Back 28

porcelain gallbladder

Front 29

gallbladder variant in which part of the fundus is bend back on itself

Back 29

phrygian cap

Front 30

small part of the gallbladder that lies near the cystic duct where stones may collect

Back 30

Hartmann's pouch

Front 31

connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct

Back 31

cystic duct

Front 32

small opening in the duodenum in which the pancreatic and common bile duct enter to release secretions

Back 32

ampulla of vater

Front 33

extends from the point where the common hepatic duct meets the cystic duct; drains into the duodenum after it joins with the main pancreatic duct

Back 33

common bile duct

Front 34

develops when normal venous channels become obstructed

Back 34

collateral circulation

Front 35

pus-forming collection of fluid

Back 35

pyogenic abscess

Front 36

affects hepatocytes and interferes with liver function

Back 36

diffuse hepatocellular disease

Front 37

most common form of neoplasm of the liver; primary sites are colon, breast, and lung

Back 37

metastatic disease

Front 38

Hypoechoic mass with an echogenic central core (abcess, metastases)

Back 38

Bull's-eye lesion

Front 39

classification of liver disease where the main problem is blocked bile excretion within the liver or bilary system

Back 39

obstructive disease

Front 40

blood urea nitrogen; laboratory measurement of the amount of nitrogenous waste and creatinine in the blood

Back 40

?

Front 41

classification of liver disease where hepatocytes are the primary problem

Back 41

hepatocellular disease

Front 42

enzyme of the liver

Back 42

alkaline phosphatase

Front 43

aspartate aminotransferase - anzyme of the liver

Back 43

? AST- or formally know as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase

Front 44

Alanine aminotransferase - enzyme of the liver

Back 44

? ALT - or formally known as glutamic-pyruvic transaminase

Front 45

yellow pigment in bile formed by the breakdown of RBC's; excreted by liver and stored in the gallbladder

Back 45

bilirubin

Front 46

enters the liver at the porta hepatis

Back 46

main portal vein

Front 47

extends from the umbillicus to the diaphragm in a sagittal plan and contains the ligamentum teres

Back 47

falciform ligament

Front 48

boundary between the right and left lobes of the liver; seen as hyperechoic line on the sagittal image extending from the portal vein to the neck of the gallbladder

Back 48

main lobar fissure

Front 49

lies in the epigastrium and left hypochondrium

Back 49

left lobe of the liver

Front 50

area superior to the liver that is covered by peritoneum so the IVC may enter the chest

Back 50

bare area

Front 51

separates left lobe from caudate lobe; shown as echogenic line of transverse and sagittal images

Back 51

ligamentum venosum

Front 52

smallest lobe of the liver situated on the postsuperior surface of the left lobe; the ligamentum venosum is the anterior border

Back 52

caudate lobe

Front 53

a congenital variant, _____ ____, can sometimes be seen as an anterior projection of the liver and may extend inferiorly as far as the iliac crest

Back 53

Riedel's lobe

Front 54

the liver is covered by a thin connective tissue layer called ________ capsule

Back 54

Glisson's

Front 55

sugars may be absorbed from the blood in several forms, but only _____ can be used by cells through the body as a source of energy

Back 55

glucose

Front 56

the accompanying loss of oncotic pressure in the vascular system allows fluid to migrate into the interstitial space, resulting in _________ in dependent areas

Back 56

edema

Front 57

within the homogenous parenchyma lie the thin-walled ____ ___, the brightly reflective _____ _____, the ______ arteries, and the _______ duct

Back 57

hepatic veins

portal veins

hepatic

hepatic

Front 58

list the four criteria assess when evaluating the liver parenchyma

Back 58

1. size

2. configuration

3. homogenicity

4. contour

Front 59

in focal sparing, the most common affected areas are anterior to the _______ or portal vein and the posterior portion of the _______ _____

Back 59

gallbladder

left lobe

Front 60

list four of the eight sonographic finding for cirrhosis of the liver:

Back 60

1. coarsening of the liver parenchyma secondary to fibrosis and nodularity

2. increased attenuation may be present with decreased vascular markings

3. Hepatosplenomagly may be present with ascites surrounding the liver

4 the caudate lobe and the left lateral lobe may be hypertrophied with the caudate-to-right lobe exceeding 0.65

Front 61

A(n) _______ _______ is a benign, congenital tumer consisting of large, blood-filled cystic spaces

Back 61

Cavernous hemangioma

Front 62

bile is the principal medium for excretion of bilirubin and

Back 62

cholesterol

Front 63

Sonographically, the common duct lies _____ and to the ____ of the portal vein in the region of the porta hepatis and gastrohepatic ligament

Back 63

anterior

right

Front 64

the hepatic artery lies ______ and to the _______ of the portal vein

Back 64

?

Front 65

on a transverse scan, the common duct, hepatic artery, and portal vein have been referred to as the ______ ______

Back 65

mickey mouse

Front 66

The normal wall thickness of the gallbladder is less than ____ mm

Back 66

3

Front 67

a hyperplastic change in the gallbladder wall ______

Back 67

adenomyomatosis

Front 68

the job of the sonographer is to localize the level and cause of the obstruction. List the three primary areas where obstruction occurs

Back 68

1. intrapancreatic obstruction

2. suprapancreatic obstruction

3. porta hepatic obstruction

Front 69

the pancreatic gland appears sonographically ______ to slightly more ______ than the hepatic parenchyma

Back 69

isoechoic

hyperechoic

Front 70

the major posterior vascular landmarks of the pancreas are the ______ and _____ ___ ____

Back 70

aorta

inferior vena cava (IVC)

Front 71

the ____ ____ ____ crosses anterior to the uncinate process of the head of the gland and posterior to the neck and body

Back 71

superior mesenteric vein

Front 72

the tortuous ____ ____ is the superior border of the pancreas

Back 72

splenic artery

Front 73

the ____ ___ _____ receives tributaries from lobules at right angles and enters the medial second part of the duodenum with the common bile duct at the ampulla of vater

Back 73

duct of Wirsung

Front 74

the pancreas is both a digestive (_____) and a hormonal (______) gland

Back 74

exocrine

endocrine

Front 75

failure of the pancreas to furnish sufficient insulin leads to ______ _____

Back 75

diabetes mellitus

Front 76

exocrine function is performed by ____ ____ of the pancreas

Back 76

acini cells

Front 77

there are specific enzymes of the pancreas that may become altered in pancreatic disease, namely _____ and _____

Back 77

amylase

lipase

Front 78

________ controls the blood sugar level in the body

Back 78

glucose

Front 79

an acute attack of pancreatitis is commonly related to ____ ____ _____ and ________

Back 79

bilary tract disease

alcoholism