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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the renal parenchyma is seperated into the cortex and the medulla by the:
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Arcuate Vessels
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a 2 y/o boy presents w/ hematuria and a palpable lt flank mass.an u/ exam is performed, and a solid renal mass is identified. this finding is most charecteristic of:
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Wilm's Tumor
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pt presents w/ ampulla of vator obstruction, distension of the GB and painless jaundice. this is assoc. with?
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courvoisier's sign
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long standing cystic duct obstruction will give rise to
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hydopic GB
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while performing an us examination, the sonographer finds that both kidneys measure 5 cm in length, they are very echgenic. one should consider the possibility of all the following except: chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic pyelonephritis, renal vascular disease, renal vein thrombosis.
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renal vein thrombosis
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staghorn calculis refers to a large stone with in the
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renal pelvis of the kidney
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identify the gastrointestinal peptide hormone, which stimulates GB contraction:
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cholecystokinin
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the portion o the liver that is not covered by the peritoneum is termed
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bare area
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the normal thickness of the GB wall:
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3mm
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the pancreatic head lies:
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caudad to the portal vein and anterior to the ivc
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identify the sonographic pattern that best describes hydronephrosis:
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fluid-filled pelvocaliceal collecting system
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a pt. presents w/ a dilated interhepatic duct, dilated GB, and dilated CBD. Identify the level of obstruction this is most charecteristic of.
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distal CBD
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the most common location of pancreatic pseudocyst
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lesser sac
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the extra hepatic portion of the falciform ligament
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is visualized when massive ascities is present
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the sma arises 1 cm below the celiac trunk and courses
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anterior and parallel to the aorta
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the division by using Couinad's sections into right and left lobes of the liver is:
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main lobar fissure
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the portion of the pancreas that lies posterior to the sma and vein is the
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uncinate process
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the vessel that courses along the posterior surface of the body and tail of the pancreas is the
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splenic vein
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sonographically, the gastroesphogeal junction can be visualized
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anterior to AO and posterior to LLL
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Adenomyomatosis of the GB is:
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prolifertation of the mucosal layer which extends into the muscle layer
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a common cause of acute pylonephritis
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pygenic bacteria
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a renal sonogram is performed and an echgenic well-defined mass is identified in the renal cortex. this is charecteristic of:
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angiomyolipoma
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the gastroduodenal artery is a branch of the
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common hepatic artery
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the largest zone of the prostate is the
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peripheral zone
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identify the vessel that is seen anterior to the AO and posterior to the SMA:
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left renal vein
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the liver is covered by a thick membrane of collagenous fibers intermixed with elastic elements. this membrane is called:
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Glisson's capsule
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anterior displacement of the splenic vein can be caused by
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left adrenal hyperplasia
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the vessel that originates from the CA and is very tortuous is the
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splenic artery
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when accessory spleens are present, they are usually located
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near the splenic hilum
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a fold at the fundal portion of the GB is usually called
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phrygian cap
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the IVC forms at the confluence of the
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right and left common illiac veins
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diffuse thickening of the gb wall can be seen sonographically in all of the following except: acute cholecystitis, hepatitis, CHF, ascities, portal hypertension.
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portal hypertension
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a gb sonographic examination is performed, and a small GB w/ intrahepatic dilatation is seen, this may indicate that the level of obstruction is at the level of the
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common hepatic duct
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the maximum inner diameter of the main pancreatic duct is young adults is
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2mm
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the endocrin function of the pancreas produces
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insulin
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identify the laboratory test used to access renal function
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serum creatinine
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adult polycystic disease may be charecterized by all of the following except:
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bilateral small and echgenic kidneys
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the best sonographic window to image the left hemi-diaphragm is the
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spleen
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a pt in the late stages of sickle cell anemia will have a spleen that is
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small and echogenic
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bilateral hydronephrosis frequently occurs in pt's with
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prostate enlargement
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ina pt w/ accute hepatitis, the liver parenchyma sonographically appears as
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normal
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a hypertrophied column of bertin is a
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normal variant
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a ureterovesicle juntion is
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junction between the distal ureter and the base of the bladder
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the landmark for the posterolateral border of the thyroid is
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CCA
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clinical signs of renal disease include all of the following except
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jaundice
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acute hydoceles may be caused by all of the following except
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testicular torsion
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the most common location for a spermatocele is
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the head of the epididymis
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a 60 y/o male presents w/ hematuria and nocturnal urination. the u/s findings include an enlarged symmetrical homogeneous prostate. This is most charecteristic of
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BPH
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the most common malignancy of the adrenal gland in children is
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adrenal neuroblastoma
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if a mass in the area of the pancreatic head is found, what other structure should be examined sonographically?
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the liver
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the most common primary carcinoma of the pancreas
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adenocarcinoma
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the ligament of venousum separates which two lobes of the liver?
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caudate lobe and LLL
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the most common benign neoplasm of the liver is
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hemangioma
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pt's w/ rt sided heart failure and elevated systematic venous pressure may develope
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dilatation of the intrahepatic veins
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the right and left lobe of the liver are separated by the
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main lobar fissure
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which of the following is not a retropertineal structure
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spleen
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identify the statement that is true about the portal vein
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it is formed by the union of the splenic vein and smv
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the cbd is joined by the pancreatic duct as they enter the
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2nd portion of the duodenum
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a pt presents w/ empyema of the GB a songrapher should expect to find
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pus w/n the GB
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identify the lab value which is specific for a hepatoma of the liver
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alpha-fetoprotein
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if the prostate is found to be enlarged, one should also check the
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kidneys for hydro
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the body of the panc is bound on it's anterior surface by the
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atrium of stomach
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on a transverse scan the portal vein is seen as a circular anechoic structure
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anterior to the ivc
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hyperthyroidism associated w/ a diffuse goiter is assoc. w/
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Grave's disease
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identify the part of the pan that lies anterior to the ivc and posterior to the smv
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uncinate process
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in a disecting aneurysm, the dissection is through
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the intima
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the adrenal gland can be divided into
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cortex and medulla
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a patent umbilical vein may be found in the
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ligamentum teres
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all of the following are charecteristics for dialated intrahepatic bile ducts except
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decreasing size as they course through the porta hepatis
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a retroperitoneal abcess may be found w/n in all of the following except
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the rectus abdominus muscle
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dliation of the intrahepatic biliary ducts, w/o dilation of the extrahepatic ducts may be caused by all the following except
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pancreatic CA
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a 42 y/o female presents postcholycystectomy w/ RUQ pain, elevated serum bilirubin (mainly conjugated) and bilirubin in her urine. this is best charecteristic of
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stone, tumor, or stricture causing obstruction of the bile duct
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a cause of a small GB is
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chronic cholecystitis
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identify the vessel that is located superior to the panc
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celiac axis
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a retropertineal tumor will cause __________ displacement of organs.
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anterior
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anterior displacement of the abdominal AO may be caused by
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enlarged lymphnodes
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sonographically, enlarged lymphnodes most commonly appear as
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hypoechoic masses w/ no increased through transmission
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portal fugal blood flow is best described as
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reversed blood flow
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anatomic land marks for sonographically locateing the left adrenal gland are
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AO, spleen, LT kidney
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nonshadowing, nonmobile, echgenic foci imaged w/n the GB lumen are most likely
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polyps
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hydrops of the GB is
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an enlarged GB
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jaundice in a ped. pt is most likely caused by
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biliary atresia
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the majority of primary retroperitoneal tumors are malignant. identify an example of a primary retropertoneal tumor
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leiomyosarcoma
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compare the echgenicities of the following stuctures and place them in increasing echgenic order
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renal parenchyma<liver<spleen<panc<renal sinus
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in comparison to a normal adult, the pancreas in children will be relatively
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larger and less echogenic
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the kidneys, the perinephric fat, and the adrenal glands are all covered by
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Gerota's fascia
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the largest major visceral branch of the IVC is the
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hepatic vein
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the spleen is varible in size but is considered to be
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convex superiorly and concave inferiorly
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a malignant soid renal mass can be all of the following except
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oncocytoma
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the most common neoplasm of the prostate
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adenocarcinoma
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identify the statement that correctly describes the anatomic location of structures adjacent to the spleen.
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the left kidney lies inferior and medial to the spleen.
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the sonographic findings that are associated with hematoceles.
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blood filled sac that surrounds the sac secondary to trauma or surgery.
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when scanning a 22 y/o pt. to r/o cholelithiasis, a single echgenic lession is seen in the liver. this is most charecteristic of
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a cavernous hemangioma
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normal measurements of the thyroid gland are
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1-2cm AP. 4-6cm length
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ascities can be caused by all of the following except:
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adenmyomatosis
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the best way delineating adissecting aneurysm on sonography is to
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show an intimal flap pulsating with the flow of blood
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obstructive jaundice may be diagnosed sonographically by demonstrating
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a mass of the head of the pancreas with a dialated cbd
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in pt's w/ uncomplicated accute epididymitis
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the epididymis is uniformily enlarged and more anechoic than usual
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a subhepatic abcess would be located
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inferior to the liver, anterior to the right kidney
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which of the following is not a remant of the fteal circulation
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coronary ligament
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a major branch of the common hepatic artery is the
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gastroduodenal artery
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a 44 y/o pt presents w/ painless jaundice and a palpable ruq mass. this is most charecteristic of
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courvoisier gb
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a common anatomical variant is a bulge of the lateral border of the lt kidney. this is called a
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dromedary hump
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one can image all of the following in a case of end-stage liver disease except
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biliary dilatation
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the head of the panc is located anterior to the
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IVC
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the lesser sac is located between
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stomach and pancreas
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the renal pyramids are found in the
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medulla
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on a longitudinal scan of the scrotum, the most superior portion is the
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head of the epididymis
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chronic renal disease is assoc. with
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small echgenic kidneys
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a 50 y/o female w/ a hx of alcoholism presents w/ increased abdominal girth. a sonogram of the abdomen is performed and the most probable finding is
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massive ascites w/ a small echogenic liver
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chronic active hepatitis is a progressive destructive liver disese that eventually leads to
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cirrhosis
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the seminal vesicals
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are the reservoir for sperm and are located posterior to the urinary bladder
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a 35 y/o woman presents with a tender neck, and on physicalexam, an enlarged thyroid is found. an enlarged inhomogeneous thyroid is visualized w/ irregular borders. this is most charecteristic of
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hashimoto's thyroiditis
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calcification of the GB wall is is called
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porcelain GB
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a 60 y/o man presents w/ an abdominal pulsiti;e mass and HBP. this is most charecteristic of
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an anuerism
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identify the vessek that may be imaged posterior to the IVC
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right renal artery
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the retroperitoneal space is defined as the area btw
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posterior portion of the parital peritonem and the posterior abd wall muscles
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an abd sono is performed and there is a suggestion of a mass in the head of the panc. identify the other structures that should be eval'd.
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the biliary system and Gb to eval biliary obstruction
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on a sonographic examination, a seminoma of the testicle may appear as a
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solid, homogeneous mass
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on a songraphic examination, thyroiditis will appear as
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diffuse enlarged thyroid w/ decreased echgenicity
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a pheochromocytoma is a benign hormone producing tumor
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adrenal gland
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identify lab values which are most consistant for a pt. w/ acute pancreatitis
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amylase and lipase rise at the same rate, but lipase remains higher for a longer period of time
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when hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is imaged in the short axis, the muscle wall measures at least.
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4mm
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a malignant tumor of the adrenal gland found in children is called
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nueroblastoma
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lymph nodes may be confused sonographically with all the followinf except.
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chronic pancreatitis
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an abdominal sonogram is performed on a 35 y/o man w/ a hx of primary ca of the liver now presents w/ abd pain and increasing abd girth. this is most consistant w/
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budd-chiari syndrome
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during an abdominal sono, recannalization of the umbilical vein is identified. this may be associated w/
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portal hypertension
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a pelvic kidney has
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a normal apperance in an abnormal location
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the ureteropelvic junction is located between the
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renal pelvis and the proximal portion of the ureter
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one method to diagnos renal obstruction is to document the resistive index greater than
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0.70
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identify the syndrome that is associated w/ an adrenal mass
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cushing's syndrome
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islet cell tumors of the pancreas are most likely to be located in the pancreatic
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body and tail
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the celiac axis branches consist of
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common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic arteries
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