Abdominal Pathology Final- Gb & Pancreas

Front 1

Ascites, Hepatitis, Chemotherapy, Cancers, leukemia are all causes of this.

Back 1

Diffused thickening of GB wall

Front 2

Increase in the number & height of mucosal rugae within the anterior gb wall.

Back 2

Adenomyomatosis

Front 3

Mucosal layer of gb wall that develops pockets of diverticula called what?

Back 3

Rokitanksy Aschoff Sinuses

Front 4

Stones or bile stuck in the rugae cause pain and is a symptom of what?

Back 4

Acute Cholecystitis

Front 5

Get Ring-down Artifact, shadowing, pain, but may be Asymptomatic.

Back 5

Adenomyomatosis

Front 6

Abnormal deposits of cholesterol w/in GB wall that form into polyps

Back 6

Cholesterolosis

Front 7

aka "Strawberry Gallbladder"

Back 7

Cholesterolosis

Front 8

Often confused with polyps in gb.

Back 8

Cholesterolosis

Front 9

Don't shadow and have echogenic areas all the way around inside gb wall making it look bright.

Back 9

Cholesterolosis

Front 10

Extensive calcification seen w/in part or all of gb wall that can cause increased chance of GB cancer

Back 10

Porcelain GB

Front 11

Chronic GB inflammation that has stones and a d/d of "wes sign".

Back 11

Porcelain GB

Front 12

Hyperplastic growth of epithelium that are asymptomatic.

Back 12

GB Polyps

Front 13

aka "The WES sign" that occurs when bile becomes alkaline.

Back 13

Cholelithiasis

Front 14

Has a differential diagnosis of duodenal gas, porcelain gb, and surgical clips.

Back 14

Cholelithiasis

Front 15

aka "Wes Sign"

Back 15

"Double Arc" -- Wall, Echo, Shadow

Front 16

These conditions are associated with what: Obesity, diabetes, Pregnancy, & Estrogen Therapy

Back 16

Cholelithiasis

Front 17

Dilated CBD with stones that may cause an obstruction of bile.

Back 17

Choledocholithiasis

Front 18

Creates"parallel Channel Sign" or "Shotgun double barrel" sign

Back 18

Choledocholithiasis

Front 19

More common in women, multiparity, and age.

Back 19

Gallstones

Front 20

Blunt trauma or erosion of the duct wall by a stone that causes dilated intrahepatics.

Back 20

Mirrizzi's Syndrome

Front 21

Causes positive murphy's sign, severe RUQ pain, Abnormal LFT's & increased Amylase.

Back 21

Acute Cholecystitis

Front 22

has a d/d of non-fasting GB and GB cancer.

Back 22

Acute Cholecystitis

Front 23

GB wall>2mm, pericholecystic fluid in wall, stones/sludge, GB 'halo" are seen with this condition.

Back 23

Acute Cholecystitis

Front 24

See gb perforation with this condition.

Back 24

Complicated Acute Cholecystitits

Front 25

A rare form of Acute Cholecystitis that contains gas forming bacteria.

Back 25

Emphysematous Cholecystitis

Front 26

Gangrene of the GB which can perforate the GB wall.

Back 26

Emphysematous Cholecystitis

Front 27

RUQ pain, positive murphys sign, & Fever that occurs mostly with elderly men.

Back 27

Emphysematous Cholecystitis

Front 28

GB wall w/dirty shadows, ring down, GB abscess, or peritonitis.

Back 28

Emphysematous Cholecystitis

Front 29

Recurring RUQ pain, nausea, bloating, gb not tender, thickend wall.

Back 29

Chronic Cholecystitis

Front 30

LFT's elevated but not Amylase, hyperechoic gb wall w/gallstones.

Back 30

Chronic Cholecystitis

Front 31

aka "Ductal Aneuresm"

Back 31

Ductal Abnormalities

Front 32

Causes focal dilatation of CD, CBD, or CHD due to intrahepatic pressure.

Back 32

Choledochal Cyst

Front 33

Rounded cystic mass in porta hepatis seperate from GB that causes dilation of the CBD.

Back 33

Choledochal Cyst (type 1)

Front 34

RUQ pain, RUQ mass, & Jaundice since bile is refluxing causing the wall to weaken.

Back 34

Ductal Aneuresm or choledochal cyst

Front 35

Presents before age 10 and presents with abnormal insertion of CBD into pancreatic duct.

Back 35

Choledochal Cyst

Front 36

d/d= Hepatic or pancreatic cyst

Back 36

Choledochal cyst

Front 37

What do ductal abnormalities cause?

Back 37

Increase in bilirubin &
weakness in ductal wall

Front 38

Inflammation & pus of bile ducts caused by a bacterial infection. CBD has echoes, not hypoechoic.

Back 38

Cholangitis

Front 39

Most common benign tumor of the body.

Back 39

GB Adenoma

Front 40

Flat elevations w/in body of gb near fundus, that has d/d of polyps

Back 40

GB Adenoma

Front 41

microscopically similar to gb polyps with a differential diagnosis of polyps.

Back 41

gb adenoma

Front 42

Thick, irregular wall w/history of cholecystitis and stones; is asymptomatic early on.

Back 42

Biliary Cancers

Front 43

Highly malignant rare cancer that has a quick metastasis to the liver & lymph nodes occuring mostly in women.

Back 43

biliary cancer

Front 44

Term for alot of lymph nodes in the Porta Hepatis region.

Back 44

Lymphadenopathy

Front 45

patients with what have the highest chance of getting biliary cancer?

Back 45

Porcelain GB

Front 46

Irregular shaped malignant Tumor in body of gb that accompanied by liver METS

Back 46

Adeno Cancer

Front 47

The shotgun seen is often seen, occuring in 70-80% of these type of GB Cancers.

Back 47

Adeno CA

Front 48

Malignant tumors located w/in LHD or RHD, usually due to Melanoma.

Back 48

Cholangiocarcinoma

Front 49

CA located at bifurcation of RHD & LHD displacing ducts and causing intrahepatic dilatation.

Back 49

Klatskin Tumor

Front 50

What do dilated ducts usually lead to?

Back 50

Jaundice

Front 51

What is Courvoiseier's law?

Back 51

Dilated Ducts + Enlarged Gallbladder= probable pancreatic cancer

Front 52

A mass typically seen in the Ampulla of Vator or Sphincter of Oddi.

Back 52

Pancreatic Cancer

Front 53

What dilates last the GB, CBD, or Intrahepatics in liver?

Back 53

Intrahepatics,
1st=GB, 2nd=CBD

Front 54

If there is an obstruction what should you look for?

Back 54

Bile ducts, stones, tumors

Front 55

Controls the emptying of bile into the duodenum & opens wide w/cholecystectomy.

Back 55

Sphincter of Oddi

Front 56

What is the secondary pancreatic duct called?

Back 56

Duct of Santorini

Front 57

Contains spiral valves of hester and echogenic folds that can look like a stone to keep from folding on itself.

Back 57

cystic duct

Front 58

Is the Pancreas Intra or retroperitoneal?

Back 58

Retroperitoneal

Front 59

What type of enzymes are lipase, amylase, Trypsin, & chymotrypsin?

Back 59

Exocrine (Acini Cells)

Front 60

What are the Islets of Langerhans?

Back 60

Endocrine Cells that produce Alpha, Beta, & delta cells.

Front 61

Produce & Secrete insulin

Back 61

Alpha cells

Front 62

Produce Glucagons

Back 62

Beta cells

Front 63

Produce Somatostatin

Back 63

Delta cells

Front 64

What are the 2 enzymes that breakdown protein in the pancreas?

Back 64

Trypsin & Chymotrypsin

Front 65

Biliary tract disease, ETOH abuse, Trauma, Vascular Thromobis, Drugs, infection, & psuedocysts are causes of what?

Back 65

Acute Pancreatitis

Front 66

Sudden onset pain, pain radiating to back, nausea/ vommiting, fever are symptoms of what condition?

Back 66

Symptoms of Acute Pancreatitis

Front 67

Increase in Amylase & Lipase, increase in WBC, Increase Bilirubin, & proteinurea of symptoms of what condition?

Back 67

Acute pancreatitis

Front 68

Enlarged Hypoechoic pancreas & pancreatic duct, dirty shadows from abscess formation, & possible stones.

Back 68

ultrasound appearance of Acute Pancreatitits

Front 69

caues elevated amylase & lipase

Back 69

Acute pancreatitis

Front 70

Causes pancreatic psudocyst to form & pancreatic abscess to form.

Back 70

Acute pancreatitis

Front 71

Atropic & hyperechoic pancreatic calcifications & dilated pancreatic duct.

Back 71

Chronic pancreatitis

Front 72

A complication of acute pancreatitis causing thick, irreg walls, leukocytosis, dirty shadows.

Back 72

Pancreatic abscess formation

Front 73

N & V, weight loss, ileus, Jaundice, pseudocyst, & elevated labs are symptoms of what condition?

Back 73

Chronic Pancreatitis

Front 74

What are the 2 types of benign tumors of the pancreas?

Back 74

Pancreatic cysts & Pancreatic Cystadenoma's

Front 75

"True Cysts" of the pancreas that are lined with epithelium that are not related to pancreatitits.

Back 75

Pancreatic cysts

Front 76

Are either congenital or acquired and lab values are normal for this type of tumor.

Back 76

Pancreatic cysts

Front 77

What are the 3 types of Pancreatic Cysadenoma's?

Back 77

Macrocystic,
Microcystic,
Islet Cell Tumors

Front 78

aka "Mucinous Cysadenoma"

Back 78

Macrocystic Adenoma, a slow growing tumor

Front 79

Premalignant to cystadenomacarcinoma & arises from the pancreatic ducts

Back 79

Macrocystic Adenoma

Front 80

aka "Serous CystAdenoma" and composed of tiny cysts that can be focal or diffuse.

Back 80

Microcystic Adenoma
(No malignant potential)

Front 81

An endocrine tumor that is THE MOST FREQUENT SOLID TUMOR OF THE PANCREAS.

Back 81

Islet Cell Tumors

Front 82

Occurs in Beta cells (endocrine) and causes HyperInsulinism. (3cm in size)

Back 82

Islet cell tumors

Front 83

Hypoechoic solid mass found in the pancreatic tail thats encapsulated.

Back 83

Islet Cell tumors

Front 84

Causes Insulin shock, psycic disturbances, amnesia, N&V, confusion.

Back 84

Islet Cell Tumors

Front 85

What type of tumors are Insulinoma's & Gastrinoma's, and whats another name for them?

Back 85

Islet cell tumors
(G Cell tumor)

Front 86

Produces diahrrhea and peptic ulcer disease

Back 86

Gastrinoma, an Islet cell tumor
(one of the pancreatic cystadenoma's)

Front 87

A B cell tumor that produces hypoglycemic symptoms.

Back 87

Insulinoma

Front 88

MOST COMMON PRIMARY TUMOR OF THE PANCREAS.

Back 88

ADENO CA

Front 89

Tumor of pancreas more freq in diabetics and originates in the Ductal Epithelium, & leading cause of death in US.

Back 89

Adeno CA

Front 90

60-80 y.o. age, smokers, originates w/in pancreatic duct and involves the Exocrine Gland

Back 90

Adeno CA

Front 91

Hypoechoic, irregular, heterogeneous tumor that causes a hydropic GB.

Back 91

Adeno CA

Front 92

Tumor that causes increased bilirubin, Alk phosphatase, & Trypsin, & pancreatic/ intrahepatic dilatiation.

Back 92

Adeno CA

Front 93

Rare, malignant, slow growing tumor found in tail of pancreas

Back 93

CystAdenoCarcinoma

Front 94

Complex tumor w/irregular walls that may contain areas of solid tissues w/in.

Back 94

CystAdenoCarcinoma

Front 95

What part of the pancreas has a tumor that causes No murphy's, painless gb, Courvoisier's syndrome, & jaundice?

Back 95

Head of pancreas

Front 96

Larger more invasive, more likely to metastasize in this part of the pancreas. Also symptoms start later.

Back 96

body, tail of pancreas

Front 97

Weight loss, pain, jaundice, occurs with tumors in this part of the pancreas.

Back 97

Body/Tail.
Vomitting, diabetes, malabsorption occurs very late in disease.

Front 98

Where do pancreatic tumors metastasize to?

Back 98

Liver, lymph nodes, lungs, peritoneium, Adrenal glands.

Front 99

What are 3 ways CA spreads throughout the body?

Back 99

Surrounding structures,
Lymphatic System,
Portal system to liver