Testes

Front 1

Dimensions of Testes

Back 1

Oval shape

3.75 cm long

2.5 cm broad

1.8 cm thick

10-15 g weight

Front 2

Features of Testes

Back 2

Two poles: Upper and Lower. Convex and smooth.

Two borders: Anterior (Convex) and Posterior (Straight).

Two surfaces: Medial and Lateral. Convex and Smooth.

Front 3

Coverings of Testes

Back 3

Outer to Inner:

Tunica Vaginalis: Persistent portion of Processus Vaginalis, Parietal and Visceral layers with cavity between

Tunica Albuginea: Dense white coat, Posterior border forms Mediastinum Testes

Tunica Vasculosa: Innermost, vascular, lines the lobules

Front 4

What causes Testes to be lobular

Back 4

Mediastinum Testes which sends septa to Inner surface of Tunica Albuginea

Front 5

How many lobules are there in a testis

Back 5

200 to 300

Front 6

What forms Mediastinum Testes

Back 6

Posterior thickened border of Tunica Albuginea

Front 7

What forms appendix of testis

Back 7

Remains of paramesonephric duct

Front 8

What is sinus of epidydimus

Back 8

Slit like recess of Tunica Vaginalis

Front 9

Where is sinus of epidydimus

Back 9

Body of epidydimus and posterolateral surface of the testis

Front 10

Contents of lobules of testis

Back 10

2 - 3 Seminiferous Tubules

Front 11

What is rete testis

Back 11

Network of canals in the Mediastinum of Testis

Front 12

Origin of testicular arteries

Back 12

Abdominal aorta (Inferior to renal arteries)

Front 13

Vertebral Level of origin of testicular artery

Back 13

L2

Front 14

Function of Pampiniform Plexus besides Venous Drainage

Back 14

Thermoregulation

Front 15

Number of veins in Pampiniform Plexus

Back 15

8-12

Front 16

Relations of parts of Pampiniform Plexus

Back 16

Anterior: Around testicular artery

Middle: Around ductus deferens and its artery

Posterior: Isolated

Front 17

Components of thermoregulatory apparatus of testis

Back 17

1. Pampiniform Plexus of Veins

2. Cremaster Muscle

3. Dartos Muscle

Front 18

Lymphatic Drainage of Testis

Back 18

1. Right and Left Lumbar (Caval and Aortic) Nodes 2. Preaortic Nodes and Para-Aortic Nodes

Front 19

Nerve supply of testis

Back 19

Autonomic Testicular plexus of nerves

Front 20

Location of testicular plexus of nerves

Back 20

Testicular Artery

Front 21

Location of epidydimus

Back 21

Posterior border of testis

Front 22

Components of testicular plexus of nerves

Back 22

1. Vagal Parasympathetic Fibers

2. Visceral Afferent Fibers

3. T7 Sympathetic Fibers

Afferent for testicular sensation (sensory) and efferent to blood vessels (vasomotor)

Front 23

Termination of Left Testicular Vein

Back 23

Left Renal Vein

Front 24

Termination of Right Testicular Vein

Back 24

IVC

Front 25

Clinical importance of mode of drainage of Left Testicular Vein

Back 25

It drains into Left Renal Vein.

Kidney infections, cancer etc can pass to Left Testicular Vein leading to dilation of veins in scrotum.

Since it is longer its drainage is more difficult.

Poor drainage leads to testicular swelling and pain.

Front 26

Differences between right and left testis

Back 26

1. Left testis is bigger and lower than right

2. Left testicular vein is longer than right

Front 27

Unilateral absence of testes

Back 27

Monorchism

Front 28

Bilateral absence of Testes

Back 28

Anorchism

Front 29

Undescended testes

Back 29

Cryptorchidism

Front 30

Location in cryptorchidism

Back 30

Lumbar

Iliac

Inguinal

Upper Scrotal

Front 31

Features of cryptorchidism

Back 31

1. May descend after birth

2. Prone to tumors

3. No spermatogenesis

4. Surgically treated

Front 32

Ectopic testis

Back 32

Deviation from normal route of descent of Testes leading to abnormal position

Front 33

Location of ectopic testis

Back 33

Skin of lower abdomen

Skin of front upper thigh

In Femoral canal

Skin of penis

Perineum behind scrotum

Front 34

Features of Ectopic Testis

Back 34

1. Fully developed

2. Accompanied by Indirect Inguinal Hernia

3. Divorced from epidydimus

Front 35

Hermaphroditism / Intersex

Back 35

Features of male and female both present

Front 36

Types of hermaphroditism

Back 36

1. True - both testis and ovary present

2. Pseudo - gonad of one sex and ext/int genitalia of opp sex

Front 37

Varicocoele

Back 37

Dilation of Pampiniform Plexus of Veins

Front 38

Varicocoele is common on which side

Back 38

Left

Front 39

Why left varicocoele is common

Back 39

Left Testicular Vein is longer

Enters the Left Renal Vein at 90°

Crossed by colon which may compress it when loaded

Front 40

What is epididymus

Back 40

Elongated organ present on the Posterior Border of testis, made up of highly coiled tube functioning for the storage of spermatozoa

Front 41

Parts of epididymus

Back 41

Head

Body

Tail

Front 42

Change in size of duct of epididymus

Back 42

Progressively smaller from head to tail

Front 43

Head of epididymus

Back 43

Superior expanded part

Lobules formed by coiled ends of 12-14 efferent ductules

Front 44

Body of epididymus

Back 44

Convoluted duct of epididymus

Front 45

Tail of epididymus

Back 45

Continuous with ductus deferens

Front 46

Function of ductus deferens

Back 46

Transport of sperms from epididymus to ejaculatory duct for expulsion (during ejaculation)

Front 47

Vessels of epididymus

Back 47

Artery - artery to ductus deferens reinforced by branch from testicular artery

Veins and Lymphatic Drainage - similar to testes

Front 48

Nerves of epididymus

Back 48

Sympathetic via Testicular Plexus formed by Fibers from T11 - L1

Front 49

Epithelium of epididymus

Back 49

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium with Stereocilia

Front 50

Common infections of epididymus

Back 50

Epididymitis

Epididymorchitis

Front 51

Causes of infections

Back 51

TB

Filariasis

Gonococcal and other pyrogenic infections

Front 52

Appendix of epididymus

Back 52

Cranial end of mesonephric duct or WOLFFIAN DUCT

Front 53

Another name of appendix of testis

Back 53

Pedunculated Hydatid of Morgagni

Front 54

Paradidymus ( Organ of Giraldes)

Back 54

Free tubules

Lie in spermatic cord above head of epididymus

Represent caudal mesonephric tubules

Front 55

Causes of Descent of Testes

Back 55

1. Hormones (male)

2. Differential growth of body wall

3. Formation of gubernaculum

4. Intra-abdominal temp and pressure

Front 56

Gubernaculum

Back 56

Band of loose CT extending from lower pole of testis to scrotum

Remnant forms Ligament of Scrotum

Front 57

Commonest cause of scrotal swelling

Back 57

Hydrocoele

Front 58

Spermatocoele

Back 58

Retention cyst

Collection of fluid near head of epididymus

Contain milky fluid

Asymptomatic

Front 59

Difference between spermatocoele and epididymal cysts

Back 59

Spermatocoele is in head

Epididymal is elsewhere in the epididymus

Front 60

Detection of hydrocoele

Back 60

Transillumination