Abac Biol 2050 Tortora Chapter 4 (Branch)

Front 1

Schleiden and Schwann

Back 1

___ and ____ proposed the cell theory that cells are the basic units of life.

Front 2

1. Enclose the internal contents of cell.
2. Replicate genetic information.
3. Synthesize cellular components.
4. Generate, store, and utilize energy-rich compounds (metabolism)

Back 2

What are the functions essential to all cells?

Front 3

Prokaryotic cell

Back 3

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type that is simple, without membrane-bound internal structures

Front 4

Eukaryotic cell

Back 4

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type that is larger, more complex, and have several internal membrane-bound structures including the nucleus.

Front 5

Diplococci

Back 5

What is the shape and arrangement?

Front 6

Streptococci

Back 6

What is the shape and arrangement?

Front 7

Cocci
Tetrads

Back 7

What is the shape and arrangement?

Front 8

Cocci
Sarcinae

Back 8

What is the shape and arrangement?

Front 9

Staphylococci

Back 9

What is the shape and arrangement?

Front 10

Diplobacilli

Back 10

What is the shape and arrangement?

Front 11

Streptobacilli

Back 11

What is the shape and arrangement?

Front 12

Vibrio

Back 12

What is the shape?

Front 13

Spirillum

Back 13

What is the shape?

Front 14

Spirochete

Back 14

What is the shape?

Front 15

Pleomorphic

Back 15

_________ means many forms

Front 16

monomorphic

Back 16

________ means one form

Front 17

Monotrichous

Back 17

What is the location of the flagella?

Front 18

Lophotrichous

Back 18

What is the location of the flagella?

Front 19

Amphitrichous

Back 19

What is the location of the flagella?

Front 20

Peritrichous

Back 20

What is the location of the flagella?

Front 21

Endospore

Back 21

This special stain procedure is used to visualize __________

Front 22

Acid Fast stain
Gram stain

Back 22

Differential stains for cell wall type are ___ and ____

Front 23

Capsule

Back 23

This special stain procedure is used to visualize the ____

Front 24

Slime layer

Back 24

Type of glycocalyx that is loosely attached and unorganized is a ______

Front 25

Capsule

Back 25

Type of glycocalyx that is firmly attached and organized is a _______

Front 26

polysaccharides, polypeptides or both

Back 26

What are most capsules are composed of?

Front 27

1. Protects pathogens from phagocytosis
2. Aids in attachment to surfaces
3. Provides nutrients
4. Protects the cell from dehydration and loss of nutrients

Back 27

What are the functions of the bacterial capsule?

Front 28

1.Strengthens cell surface
2.Attachment
3.Cell to cell recognition

Back 28

What are the 3 functions of the eukaryotic glycocalyx?

Front 29

filament
hook
basal body

Back 29

Name the three parts of a bacterial flagellum

Front 30

Prokaryote

Back 30

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with no sheath around flagella.

Front 31

Prokaryote

Back 31

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with single filament flagella made of the globular protein flagellin.

Front 32

Prokaryote

Back 32

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with an flagella that rotates.

Front 33

Prokaryote

Back 33

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with fimbriae.

Front 34

Chemotaxis

Back 34

Bacteria move toward food sources and away from harmful materials using _____

Front 35

Phototaxis

Back 35

Movement stimulated by light is ________

Front 36

Aerotaxis

Back 36

Movement stimulated by oxygen is _____

Front 37

Magnetotaxis

Back 37

Movement toward or away from the earths poles is______

Front 38

Eukaryotes

Back 38

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with a flagella that is a bundle of microtubules made of the protein tubulin

Front 39

Eukaryote

Back 39

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type that has flagella and cilia that move in a whip-like motion to push or pull the cells.

Front 40

Eukaryote
Prokaryote- axial filament of a spirochete

Back 40

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with a flagella that is covered by a sheath

Front 41

9 pairs surrounding 1 pair

Back 41

What is the arrangement of the bundle of microtubules of cilia and flagella?

Front 42

Axial Filaments

Back 42

What are bundles of fibrils twisted around the spirochete and covered by a sheath?

Front 43

Halophiles

Back 43

What type of bacteria do not need a strong cell wall?

Front 44

Fimbriae

Back 44

____ are protein appendages of attachment in bacteria

Front 45

Adhesins

Back 45

____ are proteins at the fimbriae site of attachment which adhere to host cell receptors.

Front 46

Pili

Back 46

____ are protein appendages for the transfer of DNA during conjugation.

Front 47

Pilin

Back 47

The protein found in fimbriae and pili is _______

Front 48

1) Prevents rupture from osmotic pressure
2) Maintains shape Anchors flagella

Back 48

What are the 2 functions of the cell wall?

Front 49

Gram positive

Back 49

Cell wall structure composed of multiple layers of peptidoglycan with teichoic acid is _____

Front 50

Prokaryote

Back 50

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with simple plasma membranes that lack sterols.

Front 51

Prokaryote

Back 51

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with a long, double-stranded, circular DNA molecule.

Front 52

Prokaryote

Back 52

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with DNA that is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

Front 53

1) Regulates the movement of cations
2) Regulates the activity of autolysins
3) Storage of phosphate Antigenic specificity

Back 53

List the 3 functions of teichoic acid

Front 54

Gram negative

Back 54

Cell wall structure composed of a single layer of peptidoglycan with several other additional layers. These include lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharide, and phospholipid is ______

Front 55

Lipid A component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Back 55

What is the chemical composition of endotoxin?

Front 56

1) Evade phagocytosis and complement
2) Barrier to some antibiotics, detergents, enzymes (lysozyme) and dyes (methylene blue) and heavy metals

Back 56

List the functions of outer membrane

Front 57

Acid fast

Back 57

Cell wall structure composed of teichoic acid and mycolic acid (waxy lipid) is _____

Front 58

Archaea

Back 58

_______ are prokaryotes that have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

Front 59

Mycoplasma

Back 59

______ are bacteria that lacks a cell wall but has sterols in the plasma membrane for strength

Front 60

Animals
Protozoans

Back 60

__ and ____ are organisms with cells that lack cell walls

Front 61

Fungi

Back 61

_______ are organisms with chitin cell walls

Front 62

Algae
Plants

Back 62

___ and ____ are organisms that have cell walls composed of primarily cellulose

Front 63

prokaryotic cytoplasmic membrane

Back 63

The _________ is a bilayer membrane composed of protein and phospholipids.

Front 64

1) site of enzymes of energy generation
2) controls the exit and entrance of molecules by the mechanisms of diffusion and active transport

Back 64

List the functions of the prokaryotic plasma membrane

Front 65

Eukaryotic cytoplasmic membrane

Back 65

The _______ has phospholipid bilayer has sterols and sugars attached to the lipids and proteins.(glycolipids and glycoproteins)

Front 66

1) forms a series of membranes called the endoplasmic reticulum. Other internal membranes surround structures such as lysosomes and the Golgi.
2) controls the exit and entrance of molecules by the mechanisms of diffusion and active transport.

Back 66

List the functions of the eukaryotic plasma membrane

Front 67

Cytosol

Back 67

______ is the viscous, semi-transparent medium. 80% water

Front 68

Cytoplasm

Back 68

_____ is the region of the cell internal to the plasma membrane but exclusive of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.

Front 69

Prokaryote

Back 69

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with only one or several identical chromosomes present per cell.

Front 70

Prokaryote

Back 70

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type without histones.

Front 71

Prokaryote

Back 71

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with 70S ribosomes only.

Front 72

Plasmids

Back 72

_______ are small DNA molecules that code for nonessential information and replicate independently of the chromosome.

Front 73

Prokaryote

Back 73

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type that may have plasmids.

Front 74

Eukaryote

Back 74

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type in which genetic information is contained in multiple linear chromosomes, each of which carries different information.

Front 75

Eukaryote

Back 75

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with histones associated with DNA.

Front 76

Eukaryotes

Back 76

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type with 80S ribosomes in cytosol.

Front 77

Eukaryotes

Back 77

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type that DNA contains introns and exons which require modification of the mRNA after transcription.

Front 78

Ribosomes

Back 78

_______ are structures on which proteins are synthesized

Front 79

Mitochondria
Chloroplasts

Back 79

Where are 70S ribosomes found in eukaryotes?

Front 80

ribosomal protein
ribosomal RNA

Back 80

What are ribosomes composed of?

Front 81

Metachromatic granules

Back 81

Granule where phosphate is stored as volutin is a _______

Front 82

Polysaccharide granules

Back 82

_______ are granules that contain stores of glycogen or starch

Front 83

Lipid inclusion

Back 83

_______ are inclusions that contain stores of lipid

Front 84

Sulfur granules

Back 84

______ are granules that contain stores sulfur

Front 85

Carboxysomes

Back 85

________ are storage centers for the enzyme carboxylase used by photosynthetic organisms

Front 86

Gas vacuole

Back 86

_______ is a vacuole that stores air for buoyancy

Front 87

Magnetosomes

Back 87

______ is a storage center for iron oxide

Front 88

endospore

Back 88

A _______ is a unique cell type that develops from actively multiplying cells (vegetative cells) when they face starvation and dehydration.

Front 89

Sporulation

Back 89

Endospore formation is called _______

Front 90

Germination

Back 90

Formation of the vegetative cell from an endospore is called _______

Front 91

Bacillus and Clostridium

Back 91

What are the two endospore-producing bacteria that cause disease in animals and humans?

Front 92

Eukaryotes

Back 92

_________ (prokaryote/eukaryote) is a cell type in which energy is generated by mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Front 93

Endosymbiotic Theory

Back 93

What is the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living bacteria?

Front 94

Bacillus
palisades

Back 94

What is the shape and arrangement?