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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The process in which DNA makes an exact duplicate of itself. |
DNA replication
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Replication in which one-half of each strand came from the original template.
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Semiconservative replication
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The DNA strand which is synthesized as a single polymer in the 5'-->3' direction toward the replication fork.
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Leading strand
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The DNA strand that is discontinuously synthesized against the overall direction of replication. |
Lagging strand
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The point where DNA seperates, and new strands of DNA are synthesized. |
Replication fork
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The primary enzyme which catalizes DNA replication.DNA polymerase
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DNA polymerase
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The enzyme that fills in the gaps in the discontinuous strand in DNA replication.
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The enzyme that fills in the gaps in the discontinuous strand in DNA replication.DNA ligase
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Enzyme which unwinds DNA during protein synthesis and replication.
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DNA helicase
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The strand of DNA which acts as a guide for replication and transcription.
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Template
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____bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA.
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Single-stranded binding proteins
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________ is an enzyme that can start an RNA chain from scratch and adds RNA nucleotides one at a time using the parental DNA as a template |
DNA primase
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The lagging strand is synthesized as a series of segments called _____________.
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Okazaki fragments
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Scientists who introduced an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA
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James Watson and Francis Crick
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What are Chargaff’s rules?
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In any species the amount of: A = T G = C
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Used a technique called X-ray crystallography to study molecular structure |
Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin
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What are the characteristics of the DNA structure? |
alpha helix |
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What type of bonds are used to attach nucleotides along the sugar-phosphate backbone?
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phosphodiester bonds |
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What type of bonds are between the nitrogenous base pairs? They hold together the two sides of the DNA ladder?
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Hydrogen bonds
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Replication begins at particular sites called_________. |
origins of replication
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_______ corrects “overwinding” ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands
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Topoisomerase
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The enzyme that fills in the gaps in the discontinuous strand in DNA replication.
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DNA Ligase |
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Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA molecules have special nucleotide sequences at their ends called __________ which postpone the erosion of genes near the ends of DNA molecules
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telomeres
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An enzyme called _______ catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in germ cells
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telomerase |
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The analysis of DNA by ____________ helped Watson and Crick to determine the base pairing rules. |
Chargaff |
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What information about DNA structure was gleaned from Franklin's x-ray diffraction analysis of DNA? |
alpha helix Purines paired with pyrimidines |
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The shape of DNA can be described as a____ |
alpha helix |
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DNA is _____ handed |
right |
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DNA is _____ stranded. |
double |
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The helix of DNA has _____ base-pairs/turn |
10 |
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If one side of DNA is oriented 5' --> 3', the complementary strand runs ________. |
3' --> 5' |
