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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pre-Mendelian theory of heredity proposing that hereditary material from each parent mixes in the offspring.
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Blending theory of heredity
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Mendel's theory that parents transmit to their offspring discrete inheritable factors that remain as separate factors from one generation to the next.
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Particulate theory of heredity
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Detectable inheritable feature of an organism.
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Character
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Variant of an inheritable character.
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Trait
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Always producing offspring with the same traits as the parents when the parents are self fertilized.
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True breeding
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When two different alleles of the same gene are present in an individual often only one of the alleles is expressed.
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Mendel's Law of Dominance
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When gametes are formed in meiosis, the two alleles of each pair separate from one another and each gamete receives only one allele of each pair.
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Mendel's Law of Segregation
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If two or more characteristics are crossed, each characteristic is inherited without relation to the other traits (If they are located on different chromosomes).
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Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment-
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Genes governing variations of the same characteristics that occupy corresponding positions on
homologous chromosomes. |
Alleles
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The physical or chemical expression of an organisms genes.
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Phenotype
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The genetic makeup of an organism.
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Genotype
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The particular point on the chromosome where the gene for a given trait occurs.
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Locus
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Possessing a pair of identical alleles for a specific trait.
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Homozygous
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Possessing two different alleles for a specific trait.
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Heterozygous
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Gene allele which is always expressed when it is present regardless of whether it is homozygous or heterozygous
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Dominant allele
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Genes not expressed in the heterozygous state.
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Recessive allele
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The breeding of an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive.
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Testcross
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The probability that independent events will occur simultaneously is the product of their individual probabilities.
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Rule of multiplication
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The probability of an event that can occur in two or more independent ways is the sum of the separate probabilities of the different ways.
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Rule of addition
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Condition in which neither member of a pair of contrasting alleles is completely expressed when the other is present.
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Incomplete dominance
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Condition in which both alleles of a locus are expressed in a heterozygote.
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Codominance
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A condition in which a gene affects a number of different characteristics in a given individual.
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Pleitrophy
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Condition in which certain alleles at one locus can alter the expression of alleles at a different locus.
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Epistasis
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Condition in which a dominant gene may be expressed only in certain instances.
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Incomplete penetrance
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Genes that may be expressed in different intensities.
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Variable Expressivity
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Traits only expressed at certain stages in the life cycle.
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Age-influenced Traits
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Traits only expressed in one sex
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Sex-Limited Traits
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Traits expressed differently in different sexes.
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Sex-Influenced Traits
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A genetic relationship which results from shared ancestry.
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Consanguinity
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Two or more pairs of genes that affect the same trait in an additive fashion.
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Polygenes
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Three or more alternate allelic genes which govern the same trait.
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Multiple alleles
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Foreign substances which trigger the production of antibodies.
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Antigens
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Protein compounds produced in responce to specific antigens.
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Antibodies
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