Abac Biol 1107 Campbell Chapter 10 Photosynthesis

Front 1

Organisms that use light as an energy source are ____.

A. autotroph

B. phototroph

C. heterotrph

D. chemotroph

Back 1

Phototroph

Front 2

Organisms that use energy in chemical bonds as an energy source

A. autotroph

B. phototroph

C. heterotrph

D. chemotroph

Back 2

Chemotroph

Front 3

Organisms that produce organic molecules from carbon dioxide

A. autotroph

B. phototroph

C. heterotrph

D. chemotroph

Back 3

autotrophs

Front 4

Autotrophs are the ___ (producers/consumers) of the biosphere, convert ____ ----> _____

Back 4

producers
carbon dioxide

organic molecules

Front 5

Organisms that live on organic compounds produced by other organisms.

A. autotroph

B. phototroph

C. heterotrph

D. chemotroph

Back 5

Heterotrophs

Front 6

Heterotrophs are the __ (producers/consumers) of the biosphere.

Back 6

consumers

Front 7

Plants are ______, using the energy of sunlight and carbon dioxide to make organic molecules.

A. Photoautotroph

B. Photoheterotrophs

C. Chemoautotroph

D. Chemoheterotrophs

Back 7

photoautotrophs

Front 8

___ microscopic pores in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange.

Back 8

Stomata

Front 9

__ is the ground tissue of leaves that functions in photosynthesis.

Back 9

Mesophyll

Front 10

What are the two different types of mesophyll?

Back 10

spongy
pallisades

Front 11

Tube-like cells that transport water and minerals up through plants from the roots are called the ____

Back 11

Vascular bundle

Front 12

____ is the outermost cell layer of leaves.

Back 12

Epidermis

Front 13

The waxy top protective coating on leaves is the _____.

Back 13

Cuticle

Front 14

The fluid-filled interior of the thylakoid is the _____.

Back 14

thylakoid space (lumen)

Front 15

Thylakoids may be stacked in columns called ______.

Back 15

grana

Front 16

The dense interior fluid of the chloroplast is the _______

Back 16

Stroma

Front 17

Photosynthesis is a redox process in which _____ is oxidized and _____ is reduced.

Back 17

Water
Carbon dioxide

Front 18

Photosynthesis is an _____ (endergonic/exergonic) process.

Back 18

Endergonic

Front 19

The conversion of NADP+ to NADPH is ______ (oxidation/reduction)

Back 19

reduction

Front 20

The generation of ATP from ADP during photosynthesis is called _______.

Back 20

photophosphorylation

Front 21

Light is a form of kinetic energy called ______

Back 21

electromagnetic energy

Front 22

a particle of electromagnetic energy is a _______.

Back 22

photon

Front 23

Any substance that absorbs visible light is a ____

Back 23

Pigment

Front 24

Wavelengths of light that are not absorbed are ___ or _____.

Back 24

reflected
transmitted

Front 25

Accessory pigments, such as______, broaden the spectrum used for photosynthesis.

Back 25

chlorophyll b and carotenoids

Front 26

____ is the lowest energy state of an atom.

Back 26

Ground state

Front 27

_____ is the red light emitted when an electron falls back to ground state.

Back 27

Fluorescence

Front 28

During the light reactions, _______ (linear/cyclic) electron flow involves both photosystems and produces ______ and ____ using light energy.

Back 28

linear
ATP, NADPH

Front 29

Cyclic electron flow generates ATP but not ________

Back 29

NADPH

Front 30

Is oxygen generated during Cyclic electron flow in the light reactions?

Back 30

no

Front 31

_____ and ____ are used in the Calvin cycle as energy to synthesize glucose

Back 31

ATP and NADPH

Front 32

Reaction center _____ is located in Photosystem I.

Back 32

P700

Front 33

Reaction center _____ is located in Photosystem II.

Back 33

P680

Front 34

What are the three phases of the Calvin?

Back 34

Carbon fixation
Reduction
Regeneration

Front 35

Plants store excess sugar as ____in structures such as roots, tubers, seeds, and fruits

Back 35

starch

Front 36

In addition to food production, photosynthesis produces the ____ in our atmosphere

Back 36

oxygen

Front 37

Photosynthesis is an example of what type of ____ (anabolism/catabolism)

Back 37

Anabolism

Front 38

What are the input molecules of the Calvin Cycle?

Back 38

1) NADPH
2) ATP
3) Carbon Dioxide

Front 39

What are the output molecules of the Calvin Cycle?

Back 39

1) 2 Glyceraldehyde, 3-phosphate which is converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis
2) water
3) NADP+
4) ADP + Pi

Front 40

What are the input molecules of the light reactions?

Back 40

1) Water
2) ADP + Pi
3) NADP+

Front 41

What are the output molecules of the light reactions?

Back 41

1) ATP
2) NADPH
3) Oxygen

Front 42

During electron flow, H+ are pumped into the ____from the ____.

Back 42

thylacoid space (lumen)
stroma.

Front 43

The electrons from H2O are directly used to replace the electrons from reaction center of photosystem ____ during the linear light reactions.

Back 43

photosystem II

Front 44

Why are water molecules split during the linear light reactions?

Back 44

The splitting of water molecules provides a source of electrons.

Front 45

_____ is the primary photosynthetic pigment that absorbs light energy.

Back 45

chlorophyll a

Front 46

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply energy for _____

Back 46

the Calvin Cycle.

Front 47

When chlorophyll is oxidized, it ____ (loses/gains) electrons.

Back 47

loses

Front 48

Photosystem ___ is the only photosystem involved in the cyclic light reactions.

Back 48

Photosystem I

Front 49

The oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from ____

Back 49

Water

Front 50

______ water molecules are used in the linear (non-cyclic) light reactions in order to produce the ATP's and NADPH's needed to produce one glucose.

Back 50

12

Front 51

Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis take place?

Back 51

Thylakoid membrane

Front 52

Carbon dioxide enters the leaf thru _____

Back 52

stomata.

Front 53

Oxygen ___ (enters/exits) the plant leaf and carbon dioxide ____ (enters/exits) the plant leaf through stomata.

Back 53

exits
enters

Front 54

Chloroplast are found primarily in the ______ tissue of the leaf.

Back 54

mesophyll.

Front 55

Water is carried from the roots to the leaves by the ____

Back 55

vascular system.

Front 56

The outermost layer of cells in a leaf is the ______

Back 56

epidermis.

Front 57

Organisms which require electromagnetic energy are ____

A. autotroph

B. phototroph

C. heterotrph

D. chemotroph

Back 57

Phototrophs

Front 58

Organisms which require chemical energy are _____

A. autotroph

B. phototroph

C. heterotrph

D. chemotroph

Back 58

chemotrophs

Front 59

Organisms which require organic molecules as a carbon source are ____

A. autotroph

B. phototroph

C. heterotrph

D. chemotroph

Back 59

Heterotrophs

Front 60

Organisms which can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source are___

A. autotroph

B. phototroph

C. heterotrph

D. chemotroph

Back 60

Autotrophs

Front 61

The electrons from photosystem ____ are replaced by the electrons from photosystem ____

Back 61

photosystem I
photosystem II

Front 62

ATP is made in the ____ (light reactions/Calvin cycle)

Back 62

light reactions

Front 63

12 water molecules are _____ (used/produced) in the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Back 63

used

Front 64

______ carbon dioxides are required to make one glucose in photosynthesis.

Back 64

6

Front 65

How many molecules of ATP are required in the Calvin cycle per glucose made?

Back 65

18

Front 66

Stacks of thylacoid inside the chloroplast.

Back 66

Grana

Front 67

The color of light least effective in running photosynthesis is ___

Back 67

green

Front 68

Cyclic electron flow in the light reactions in the chloroplast produces the energy storage molecules ___ and ___ .

____ is produced as a waste.

Back 68

ATP and NADPH
Oxygen

Front 69

Water is split during the _____ (linear/cyclic) light reactions.

Back 69

linear

Front 70

What is the order of the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from longest to shortest wavelength?

Back 70

Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet

Front 71

Which color of visible light has the highest energy?

Back 71

Violet

Front 72

What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum from shortest to longest wavelength?

Back 72

Gamma
X-ray
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared
Microwaves
Radio waves

Front 73

Which end of the electromagnetic spectrum is low energy?

Back 73

Radio waves (longest wavelengths)

Front 74

The ΔG of photosynthesis is _____ kcal/mole of glucose.

Back 74

+686 kcal/mole

Front 75

Per glucose, ______ NADPH's are produced in the Calvin Cycle.

Back 75

0

Front 76

Per glucose, ______ NADPH's are used in the Calvin Cycle.

Back 76

12

Front 77

Potential energy stored in the proton gradient across biological membranes that are involved in chemiosmosis.

Back 77

Proton Motive Force

Front 78

A group of chlorophyll and other molecules which emits electrons in response to light is a _____.

Back 78

Photosystem

Front 79

A ________ is a central chlorophyll molecule of a photosystem which acts as an energy trap.

Back 79

Reaction Center

Front 80

In electromagnetic energy, the distance from one wave peak to the next wave peak is the _____.

Back 80

Wavelength

Front 81

The part of the Calvin Cycle that produces ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) from glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate in order to start the cycle over again is called what stage?

Back 81

Regeneration

Front 82

The conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to glucose in the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis is ___.

Back 82

Gluconeogenesis

Front 83

The part of the Calvin Cycle that uses the NADPH that were made in the light reactions is ____

Back 83

Reduction

Front 84

What is the part of the Calvin Cycle that converts ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) and CO2 into a three carbon molecule to start the Calvin cycle?

Back 84

Carbon dioxide fixation.

Front 85

Grana are connected by tube-like membranes called _______.

Back 85

lamellae.

Front 86

The energy entering chloroplasts as sunlight gets stored as____ energy in organic compounds

Back 86

chemical

Front 87

The action spectrum of photosynthesis was first demonstrated in 1883 by ___.

Back 87

Theodore W. Engelmann

Front 88

A form of energy that travels in rhythmic waves which are disturbances of electric or magnetic fields.

Back 88

Electromagnetic energy

Front 89

Is water split during Cyclic electron flow in the light reactions?

Back 89

no