Abac Animal Physiology Chapter 4

Front 1

Why are Australian Sea Lions interesting?

Back 1

B/c they are a mammals that spend 60% of their time diving in water that are 70-100m deep. They dive on avg. 10 to 11 times an hr. As infants they cannot dive so their diving abilities to intake and store O2 develop as they do.

Front 2

The Human Brain

Back 2

Is fully developed at age 7.

Has the highest metabolic rate of all tissue about 20% of all metabolic activity. At ages 4-5 the brain consumes about 50% of all metabolic activity.

About 2% of the total wt.

Front 3

Why is the Indigo buntings and the garden warbler good explains of brain performance undergoes maturation during the normal development?

Back 3

B/c While the young bird are in the nest maturing they have ingrained w/i them the location of the northern star b/c it is the one star that don't move as the night passes and as adult they use the knowledge ingrained to navigate during the night migrations.

Front 4

Homeothermy

Back 4

Physiological regulation of body temerature

Front 5

Thermoregulation

Back 5

undergoes postnatal development. EX: White footed mice.

Front 6

Where do the Chloride cells in marine fish originate form?

Back 6

Initially form in the yolk sack then transition to the gills during development

Front 7

Phenotypic Plasticity

Back 7

The ability of a single animal with a fixed genotype to express two or more genetically controlled phenotypes.

Can be linked to environment.

Shell thickness in snails or mussels and crabs

Front 8

Seasonal polyphenism

Back 8

Species go through two or more generations each year, and individuals that develop in one season differ in body form form those that develop in another season

Front 9

Gregarious Locusts are good examples of what?

Back 9

Polyphenism

Front 10

Epigenetics

Back 10

Modification of gene expression (w/ no change in DNA sequence) that are transmitted when genes replicate

Front 11

What pheromones are used to convert a solitary locust to the gregarious?

Back 11

Serotonin and Dopamine

Front 12

DNA methylation

Back 12

Attachment of methyl groups by covalent bonds to cytosine residues in DNA. Which results in the repression of a gene is also passed on form one generation to another

Front 13

DNA methyltransferase

Back 13

Perpetuate the marked gene by methylating the same cytosine residues in each daughter cell

Front 14

Covalent modification of histones by methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, etc. which occur on the NH2-terminal tails is and example what?

Back 14

Epigenetic

Front 15

What did Dutch Hunger Winter notice about mark and unmarked genes?

Back 15

Individuals exposed to famine condition had a lower % of marked genes than those in normal condition. He also noticed that those w/ less mark genes resulted in higher risks of Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity

Front 16

The amount of material care can affect what?

Back 16

Epigenesis

Front 17

High Licking and Grooming (LG)

Back 17

Yields less stressed and less fearful adults

Front 18

Low Licking and Grooming (LG)

Back 18

Yields more stressed and more fearful adults

Front 19

Developmental physiology

Back 19

A life and death matter of every individual

Front 20

Chloride Cells

Back 20

Cells that transport Cl(-) ions out of the body

Front 21

Menarche

Back 21

The first menstruation

Front 22

Genomic imprinting

Back 22

The allele inherited from the father may be expressed exclusively, or the allele from the mother may be expressed exclusively b/c of epigenetic marks