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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cardiac muscle |
myocardial cells with intercalated dics. b/t cells, function to move blood through vessels |
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Atria |
Receiving chamber |
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Ventricles |
Pumping chambers |
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Intercalated dics |
Gap junction |
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Myocardium |
Heart |
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Myogenic |
inherent heart beat within, originating in the pacemaker |
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Superior/Inferior Vena Cava |
Bring O2 low blood to the Right Atrium |
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Contraction of the right Atrium |
Forces blood through the semi-lunar tricuspid valve into the right ventricles |
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Sinoatrial (S.A.)Node |
Part of the Pacemaker Fires every .8 sec. on Avg. for a total of 78 per min. |
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Contraction of Right Ventricles |
forces blood into the trunk of the pulmonary arteries |
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The Pulmonary arteries |
Transport O2 low blood to the lungs |
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The Pulmonary Veins |
returns blood to the heart via the Left Atrium from the lungs |
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Contraction of the Left Atrium |
Forcing blood to the Left Ventricles via the Bicuspid value (Mitral Valve) |
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Contraction of the Left Ventricle |
Forcing blood to the Aorta via the Aorta Semi-ventricle valve |
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Mummur |
When blood flow backward through the valves that separate the various compartment of the circulatory system |
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ECG |
electro-cardio-gram |
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S.A. Node |
Located at the top Right of Atrium and never falling back completely to resting action potential. On average fires 70-80 times a minute. |
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Atrioventricular (A.V.) Node |
Located at the bottom Left of the Atrium and traveled down the interventricular septum via the atrioventricular bundle to the base of both ventricle. Fires an average of 40 times a minute |
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Atrioventricular Bundle |
The wiring that leads form the A.V node to the purkincle fibers |
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The purkincle fibers |
The finer wiring that travel form the A.V. Bundles to the base of the ventricles. Fires an average of 15 time a minute. |
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Firing node hierarchy |
S.A. Node: 70-80 A.V. Node: 40 Purkincle Fiber: 15 |
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ECG Variable P |
Sodium influx into atrial cells |
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ECG Variable QRS |
Complex sodium influx in ventricular cells |
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ECG Variable T |
Potassium efflux from ventricle |
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How much blood does the Cardiovascular system hold? |
5 Liters |
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Blood |
A solution containing: -Red Blood cells -White Blood cells -Thrombocytes Has an Average temp. of 100.4^F/38^C |
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Heart |
myocradial muscle move blood 2nd only to the brain in O2 needs |
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Body Temp. |
98.6^F/37^C |
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Arteries |
Carry blood away from the heart |
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Capillaries |
The sight of gas exchange in the vessels |
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Veins |
Carries blood toward the heart |
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Endothelium |
Simple Squamous epithelium that continuously lines all the arteries, capillaries, and veins. Allow for diffusion. |
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Internal Elastic Lamina |
The second layer artery from the inside Elastic |
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Tunica Media |
The third layer artery from the inside Smooth muscle |
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What is the Tunica Media responsible for? |
-Vasoconstriction -Vasodilation |
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Tunica Externa |
Outer lining of the artery |
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Pressure damping |
Caused by the elasticity of the arteries Decreases the force on the smaller vessels |
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Pressure Reservior |
Acts a secondary pump allowing for constant flow. This is possible b/c of the elasticity of vessels. |
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Arterioles |
Small Arteries |
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Venules |
Small Veins |
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Metarteriole |
The central tunnel that connect arterioles to venules. These tunnels branch out into capillaries. |
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How does the blood inter the capillaries? |
A Pre-capillary Sphincter |
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What makes the Capillary? |
Endothelium, and Basement membrane |
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Hypoxic Cells |
Are found in the capillary bed releasing vasodilator substance, which causes the pre-capillary sphincters to dilate increasing the blood flow. A part of auto-regulation |
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Vasomotor center |
controls the vaso-constriction in the vessels. Can be overridden by the auto-regulation |
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Emotional Shock |
Can shut off the Vasomotor center causing a large de-flux of blood in the brain resulting in fantingW |
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What are the different resistances blood face? |
-Friction: blood against the vessel walls -Viscosity -length of vessels -Vessel radius |
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What is the viscosity of blood? |
4.5-5.5 |
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Vaso-Constriction |
Decreases radius and increase resistance. Increase blood pressure. |
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Vaso-Dilation |
Increases the radius and decrease resistance. Decrease blood pressure. |
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What are the factors that can affect blood pressure? |
-Heart Rate -Blood Volume -Peripheral Resistance |
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Increased heart rate yields what? |
Increased Blood pressure |
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Decreased heart rate yields what? |
Decreased Blood pressure |
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Blood Volume is directly proportional to what? |
Blood Pressure |
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Systolic Pressure |
-The highest pressure right after the ventricle contracts pushing blood into the Aorta. -Avg. of 120mmHg |
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Diastolic Pressure |
-The lowest pressure before the ventricle contracts to push the blood into the Aorta. -80mmHg |
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What are the circulatory system pressures? |
-Aorta: 100mmHg -Arterioles: 85mmHg -Capillaries: 35mmHg -Exist Capillary: 16mmHg -Vena Cava: 2mmHg -Right Atrium: 0mmHg |
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The summation of pressures that lead to the Net Filtration at the arterial end of the capillary |
BHP (+35), BCOP (-26), IFOP (+1) Total of (+10mmHg) |
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The summation of pressures that lead to the Net reabsorption at the venous end of the capillary |
BHP(+16), BCOP(-26),IFOP(+1) Total of (-9mmHg) |
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The Lymphatic capillaries |
Pumps the remaining fluid left in the tissues, due to the difference of (+1mmHg) when reabsorption occurs, into the circulatory system. |
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Edema |
Excess fluid build up w/i tissue. Caused by defective lymphatic capillaries. |
