Abac Animal Physiology Chapter 22

Front 1

Glycolysis produces what?

Back 1

-2ATP

-2NADH(+2H)

Front 2

Formation produces what?

Back 2

-2(CO2)

-2NADH(+H)

Front 3

The Kreb Cycle produces what?

Back 3

-2ATP

-4(CO2)

-6NADH(+H)

-2(FADH2)

Front 4

The Electron transport chain consumes and produce what?

Back 4

consumes 6(O2)

outputs 6(H2O) &28ATP

Front 5

What happens to the elements of C6H12O2+6O2+6H2O?

Back 5

Add photo

Front 6

Respiratory gases diffuses

Back 6

Across the membrane, but no more than 1mm in liquids

Front 7

Bulk flow

Back 7

-large movement

-Ex. human respiration, and blood flow

Front 8

Chemical potential

Back 8

Gases move form high CP to low CP

Front 9

Partial Pressure

Back 9

Each gas in a mixture applies pressure and the sum of all gases yield the total pressure

Front 10

Dalton's Law

Back 10

Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if all the other gases were not present. The pressure of each gas is considered the partial pressure.

Front 11

The Air @ sea level (total of 760mmHg)?

Back 11

-(N2)(79%)*(760mmHg)=600mmHg

-(O2)(.21)*(760mmHg)=160mmHg

-(CO2)(.0004)*(760mmHg)=.3mmHg

Front 12

Ventilation O2

Back 12

Atmospheric pp.O2:160mmHg, the Alveoli pp.O2:105mmHg, Blood approaching the Alveoli pp.O2: 40mmHg, blood leaving the pp.O2: 100mmHg

Front 13

Ventilation CO2

Back 13

Atmospheric pp.CO2:.3mmHg, the Alveoli pp.CO2:40mmHg, Blood approaching the Alveoli pp.CO2: 45mmHg, blood leaving the pp.CO2: 40mmHg

Front 14

What happens to the ATM. every 33 feet below the surface of the sea?

Back 14

The ATM pressure increase by one ATM.

Front 15

Henry's Law

Back 15

The quantityof a gas that dissolves in a liquid is proportional to the pp. of the gas and its solubility coefficent

Front 16

Solubility Coefficient of relevant ATM. gases

Back 16

N2 .11

O2 .22

CO2 .77

Front 17

At how many mmHg of does Nitrogen began to enter the blood stream?

Back 17

2400mmHg

A little more then 33ft below sealevel

Front 18

What is the Bend's?

Back 18

When a diver surfaces to quickly from more than 33ft causing the N2 dissolved w/i their blood stream to exist quickly due to lack of pressure. The quick exist results in the formation of air bubbles w/i the blood. These air bubble act like mini clots preventing gas exchange in the capillary beds.

Front 19

What is Nitrogen Narcosis?

Back 19

The accumulation of nitrogen w/i the blood stream acting like alcohol, causing the individual to exhibited drunk behavior. This occurs during diving at any depth lower then around 33ft.

Front 20

What are the factors of solubility?

Back 20

-Solubility Coefficient

-Inversely related Temp.

-Inversely related Salinity

Front 21

What is the salting out effect?

Back 21

When salt is added to a solution w/ gas dissolved in it, if one was to add salt as it dissolved the gas w/i the solution would forced out.

Front 22

Air VS Water diffuse

Back 22

O2 diffusion path is 200,000 greater that of water, which is 1mm.

-Ex. Sea turtle eggs in sand, Pulmonary Edema in Human, and Anchovy larvea

Front 23

Pulmonary Edema in Humans

Back 23

When fluid builds up b/t the capillaries and the aveoli increasing the distanced of diffusion

Front 24

How does the body handle getting rid of more CO2 w/o changing the total partial pressure of the gas?

Back 24

The pp. of a gas is only affected by molecules of that gas as a result the body converts CO2 into HCO3(-) while in the blood allowing more CO2 to be absorbed and once the HCO3(-) rich blood reaches the lung it is convert back to CO2 and H20 for release.

Front 25

What is dangerous about converting CO2 into HCO3(-)?

Back 25

When HCO3(-) is present in the blood it lower the pH and once the pH reaches 6.8 the enzymes w/i the body shut down and lead to death.

Front 26

What is the Bernoulli Effect?

Back 26

When air flows over something like a hill it creates an area of low pressure behind the hill b/c of the lack of movement and input. AKA Airfoil.

-Ex. prairie dog ventilatetheir homes

Front 27

How does Hemoglobin assist in bulk flow?

Back 27

It increase the blood capacity for carrying O2 by 50 times. Each hemoglobin molecule can carry up to 4 molecule of O2

Front 28

How fast does the heart pump the blood?

Back 28

5L/min.

Front 29

Oxygen Cascade

Back 29

How the pp. O2 continues to decrease as it travels down throughout the body

Front 30

What is the Partial Pressure of O2 in the Mitochondria?

Back 30

.79mmHg

Front 31

How much of total energy produced by and organism used in respiration?

Back 31

Terrestrial 1-2%

Aquatic 10%

Front 32

What happen if and individual is placed in a 100% O2 environment?

Back 32

Pulmonary Edema

Front 33

What do Septal cell do in the aveoli?

Back 33

Maintain moisture

Front 34

What do Alveolar Macrophages do?

Back 34

Remove dust and debri that accumulate w/i the alveoli

Front 35

What are the modes for gas exchange?

Back 35

-Co-current

-Counter current

-Cross current

-Tidal

Front 36

Gas exchange can be?

Back 36

-Unidirectional

-Tidal

-Non-directional

Front 37

What are the lung types?

Back 37

-Unicameral

-Bicameral

Front 38

What is Boyle's law?

Back 38

The pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to the volume

Front 39

What are the membranes of the lung?

Back 39

Pleura is made of the two membrane layer the inner most Visceral and the outer most Parietal.

Front 40

What is the pressure difference of the internal cavity of the lung verse the cavity b/t the visceral and parietal membranes of the pleura?

Back 40

The pleura cavity is always 2mmHg lower then that of the internal lungs