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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do muscles allow? |
-Localmotion -Blood transport -Food movement -Urine output -Air flow |
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What are three muscle types? |
-Skeletal -Cardiac -Smooth |
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What characterizes skeletal muscle? |
-Highly organized -Striated -Under voluntary control |
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What characterizes Cardiac muscle? |
-Highly organized -Striated -Under involuntary control
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What Characterizes Smooth muscle? |
-No organization -No striations -Under involuntary control |
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Tendon |
The connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone at one point. Made of the connective tissue that surrounds and bind the muscle cell to one another. |
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Aponerosis |
The connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone over an area. Made of the connective tissue that surrounds and bind the muscle cell to one another. |
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What is Deep Fascia associated w/? |
Muscles |
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Epimysium |
Covers the entire muscle |
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Perimysium |
surrounds fascicles |
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Endomysium |
Surrounds individual muscle cells |
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Myofibrils |
The fiber the that travel the muscle cell and is composed of many sacromeres |
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Sarcomere |
The conctractual unit of the myofibril |
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What are the two main components of the sarcomere? |
-Actin -Myosin |
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In the sarcomere _____ is the thin filament and _____ if the thick filament. |
-Actin -Myosin |
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Sarcolemma |
The Muscle cell membrane |
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Sarcoplasm |
The cytoplasm of the muscle cell |
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What is the Z-line made of? |
Titin |
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In the absence of Ca(++) what prevent actin myosin bridges from forming? |
The Tropomyosin - Troponin Complex |
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In the present of Ca (++) what happens to the Tropomyosin - Troponin Complex? |
The Tropomyosin - Troponin Complex unbind to the actin and bind to the Ca (++) leaving the actin open for bridge formation with myosin. |
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What are T-tubules? |
Tubules of sarcolemma that travel throughout the cell running adjacent to the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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What do the T-tubules do? |
They carry the sacrolemma's charge to the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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What happen in the sarcoplasmic reticulum if the sarcolemma is internal surface is (-)? |
Ca(++) is pulled out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and form around the sarcomeres due the (+) are attracted to (-) |
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What happen in the sarcoplasmic reticulum if the sarcolemma is internal surface is (+)? |
Ca (++) is pushed out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and around the sarcomeres yielding a contraction |
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What are the types of contraction? |
-Isometric -Isotonic |
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Isometric contration |
The muscle remains the same length, but he tension changes |
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Isotonic contraciton |
The muscle length changes, bu the the tension remains the same |
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What are the two subclass of isotonic contraction? |
-Concentric -Eccentric |
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Concentric Contraction |
The muscle shortens |
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Eccentric Contraction |
The muscle length increases -responsible for breaking action |
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Muscle twitch |
A single release of trans-mitter |
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Threshold Voltage |
The minimal voltage needed to yield a muscle response |
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Maximal Voltage |
The lowest voltage that yields the highest muscle response |
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Tetanus |
A sustained contraction |
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Muscle energetics how long does ATP<-> ADP last? |
4 - 6 sec. |
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Muscle energetics how long does Phosphocreatine (creatine and phosphate) last? |
15 sec. |
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Muscle energetics how long does Anaerobic glycolysis last? |
30 -40 sec. also builds up Lactic acid |
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Muscle energetics how long does Aerobic Cellular respiration last? |
minutes to hour dependent on the O2 delivery |
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What are the three skeletal muscle twitch fibers? |
-Type: 3 -Type: 2 -Type: 1 |
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Type: 3 fiber |
-Slow -oxidative -slow to fatigue |
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Type: 2 fiber |
-Moderate -glycolytic -Moderate to fatigue |
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Type: 1 fiber |
-Fast -glycolytic -fast to fatigue -prevalent in sprinters |
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Motor units |
Are composed of about 150 different muscle cells and are composed of the same type fiber and controlled by only one neuron (nerve fiber) |
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Tonic fibers |
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White muscle fibers |
-No myoglobin -Fast glycolytic |
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Red muscle fibers |
-Myoglobin -Slow oxidative |
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Mid (Pink) muscle fibers |
-Some myoglobin -Fast oxidavtive - glycolytic |
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Does single unit smooth muscle need all its cell to be connected to a nerve fiber? Why? |
No, b/c they have gap junction |
