Aba Unit 4 José

Front 1

The Law of Effect

Back 1

Organisms learn through the consequences of their actions.

Front 2

Edward Lee Thorndike

Back 2

Came up with The Law of Effect

Front 3

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

Back 3

The experimental analysis of behavior, The operant chamber (Skinner box), principles of operant conditioning, radical behaviorism, analysis of verbal behavior, the cumulative recorder, programmed instruction

Front 4

Operant Behavior

Back 4

Behavior that has an effect on the environment and is primarily under the control of its consequences

Front 5

Operant selection

Back 5

This process of behavioral variability, selection by consequences, and behavioral reproduction occurs throughout the organism's lifetime

Front 6

Simplest type of operant contingency

Back 6

R-S

Front 7

Reinforcement

Back 7

An environmental change that follows a response and increases or maintains the future frequency of that behavior

Front 8

Punishment

Back 8

Occurs when stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions

Front 9

Positive reinforcement

Back 9

An environmental change in which a stimulus is added (presented) or magnified following a response, that increases or maintains the future frequency of that response

Front 10

Negative reinforcement

Back 10

An environmental change in which a stimulus is subtracted (withdrawn or removed) or attenuated following a response, and which increases or maintains the future frequency of that behavior

Front 11

SR+

Back 11

Unconditioned positive reinforcement

Front 12

Sr+

Back 12

Conditioned positive reinforcement

Front 13

SR-

Back 13

Unconditioned negative reinforcement

Front 14

Sr-

Back 14

Conditioned negative reinforcement

Front 15

SP+

Back 15

Unconditioned positive punishment

Front 16

Sp+

Back 16

Conditioned positive punishment

Front 17

SP-

Back 17

Unconditioned negative punishment

Front 18

Sp-

Back 18

Conditioned negative punishment

Front 19

Extinction

Back 19

The discontinuing of the reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior

Front 20

Automaticity

Back 20

Behavior is modified by its consequences irrespective of the person's awareness

Front 21

Premack principle

Back 21

If the opportunity to engage in a "preferred" or "high-probability" behavior is made contingent on engaging in a "less preferred" behavior will increase

Front 22

Reinforcer

Back 22

A stimulus that, when presented following a response, increases or maintains the future frequency of that response

Front 23

Unconditioned reinforcer

Back 23

A stimulus that, usually, is reinforcing without any prior learning; that is, it's effect is due to phylogenic Provenance

Front 24

Conditioned reinforcer

Back 24

A stimulus that initially has no innate reinforcing properties, but acquires reinforcing properties through pairing with unconditioned reinforcers or powerful conditioned reinforcers

Front 25

Generalized conditioned reinforcer

Back 25

A conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers and which is effective for a wide range of behaviors

Front 26

Escape

Back 26

Behavior that terminates an aversive stimulus

Front 27

Avoidance

Back 27

Terminates a "warning" stimulus; prevents or delays the onset of the aversive stimulus

Front 28

Warning stimulus

Back 28

A conditioned aversive stimulus whose presence is correlated with the upcoming onset of an unconditioned aversive stimulus

Front 29

Unsignaled avoidance

Back 29

No clear warning stimulus, but a response can still delay or prevent the occurrence of the aversive event

Front 30

Automatic reinforcement

Back 30

The response itself directly produces the reinforcing consequence. That is, the consequence is NOT mediated by another person

Front 31

Socially mediated reinforcement

Back 31

The consequence is mediated by another person

Front 32

Planned reinforcement

Back 32

A person explicitly arranged the contingency

Front 33

Unplanned reinforcement

Back 33

The contingency was not explicitly arranged

Front 34

Operant extinction

Back 34

The process by which a previously reinforced behavior is weakened by withholding reinforcement

Front 35

Operant Spontaneous Recovery

Back 35

The sudden and temporary reappearance of a behavior following extinction

Front 36

Resurgence

Back 36

The reappearance of a previously extinguished behavior during the extinction of a more recently reinforced behavior

Front 37

Unconditioned punisher

Back 37

A stimulus that, usually, is punishing without any prior learning; that is, its effect is due to phylogenic provenance.

Front 38

Conditioned punisher

Back 38

A stimulus that initially has no innate punishing properties, but acquires them through pairing with unconditioned punishers or powerful conditioned punishers

Front 39

Positive punishment

Back 39

An environmental change in which a stimulus is added (presented) or magnified following a response, that decreases future frequency of that response

Front 40

Negative punishment

Back 40

An environmental change in which a stimulus is subtracted (withdrawn, removed) or attenuated following a response, which decreases the future frequency of that behavior

Front 41

Time-out from positive reinforcement

Back 41

A procedure based on a principle of negative punishment; the organism cannot access (generally specified) reinforcers

Front 42

Recovery from punishment

Back 42

The process by which a previously punished behavior is strengthened by withholding punishment