Aba Study Terms

Front 1

Contingent presentation ofa stimulus immediately following a response that increases the future rate of that response

Back 1

Positive Reinforcement

Front 2

Contingent removal of an aversive stimulus following a response that increases the future rate of that response

Back 2

Negative Reinforcement

Front 3

Contingent presentation of a stimulus immediately following a response that decreases the future rate of that response

Back 3

Positive Punishment (Type 1)

Front 4

Contingent presentation of a pleasant stimulus following a response that decreases the future rate of that response

Back 4

Negative Punishment (Type 2)

Front 5

Stimuli that increase behavior wihtout prior learning (food, water, sex)

Back 5

Unconditioned (Primary) Reinforcer

Front 6

Stimuli that increase behavior due to being pair with an unconditioned reinforcer

Back 6

Conditioned (Secondary) Reinforcer

Front 7

Stimuli that decrease behavior without prior learning (heat, loud sounds)

Back 7

Unconditioned Punisher

Front 8

Stimuli that decrease behavior due to being paired with an unconditioned punisher

Back 8

Conditioned Punisher

Front 9

Withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior

Back 9

Extinction

Front 10

A stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response without prior learing or conditioning

Back 10

Unconditioned Stimulus

Front 11

A response which is elicited by a unconditioned stimulus (US)

Back 11

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Front 12

The relationship between an unconditioned stimulus and an uncondtioned response

Back 12

Reflex

Front 13

A stimulus that elicits a conditioned response due to prior learning

Back 13

Conditioned Stimulus

Front 14

A response that is elicited by a conditioned stimulus due to prior learning

Back 14

Conditioned Response

Front 15

Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus that results in the neutral stimulus becoming a conditioned stimulus

Back 15

Classical/Respondent Conditioning

Front 16

Pairing a neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus that results in the neutral stimulus becoming a conditioned stimulus

Back 16

Higher Order Conditioning

Front 17

An unlearned/automatic set of responses that are elicited by antecedent stimuli (reflex)

Back 17

Respondent Behavior

Front 18

Behavior whose probability of occurence is determined by it's history of consequences/reinforcement

Back 18

Operant Behavior

Front 19

The philosophy of a science of behaivor (methodological and radical)

Back 19

Behaviorism

Front 20

The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in an accidental fashion

Back 20

Determinism

Front 21

The science in which tactics derived from the priniciples of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variable thought responsible for behavior change

Back 21

ABA

Front 22

The objective observation of the phenomena of interst; objective observatins are independent of the indivdiual prejudices, tastes, and private opinions of the scientist. Results are objective and open to scrutiny.

Back 22

Empiricism

Front 23

Carefully controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interst under two or more conditions in which only one factor at a time differs from one condition to another

Back 23

Experiment

Front 24

A natrual science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right. Basic features include rate as dependent variable and within subject comparisons with an emphasis on describing functional relations between behavior and controlling variables

Back 24

Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Front 25

Fictitious of hypothetical vraiable that often takes the form of another name for the observed phenomenon it claims to explain and contributes nothing to a functional account of understanding of the phenomenon.

Back 25

Explanatory Fiction

Front 26

A verbal statement summarizing the results of an experiment that describes the occurence of the phenomenon under study as a function of the operations of one or more specified variables in which a specific change in one event reliably produces a change in the DV

Back 26

Functional Relationship

Front 27

A presumed, but unobserved process or entity

Back 27

Hypothetical Construct

Front 28

Approach to explaining behavior that assumes that a mental or "inner" dimension exists tha differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior, if not all.

Back 28

Mentalism

Front 29

A philosophical position that views behavior events that cannot be publically observed as outside the realm of science

Back 29

Methodological Behaviorism

Front 30

The practice of ruling out simple, logical explanations, experimentally or conceptually, before considering more complex or abstract explanations.

Back 30

Parsimony

Front 31

An attitude that the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge should be continually questioned

Back 31

Philosophic Doubt

Front 32

A thorough going form of behaviorism that attemtps to understand all human behaivor, including private events such as thoughts and feelings, in terms of controlling variables in the hisotry o the person (ontogeny) and species (phylogeny)

Back 32

Radical Behaviorism

Front 33

Repeating condtioins within an experiement to increase interval validity. Repeating whole experiements to determine generality of findigns (external validity)

Back 33

Replication

Front 34

A systematic approach to the understnading of natural phenomena that relies on determinism as its fundamental assumption, empiricism as its primary rule, experimentation as a basic strategy, replication as a requirement for believability, parisomony as a value, and philosphic doubt as its guiding conscience

Back 34

Science

Front 35

The number of responses emitted during an observation period

Back 35

count

Front 36

A ratio of count per observation time; often expressed as count per standard unit of time (e.g., per minute, per hour, per day)

Back 36

Rate/Frequency

Front 37

The change (acceleration or deceleration) in rate of responding over time)

Back 37

Celeration

Front 38

The amount of time that a behavior occurs

Back 38

Duration

Front 39

The point in time when a response occurs with respect to the occurrence of an antecedent stimulus

Back 39

Response Latency

Front 40

The point in time when a response occurs with respect to the occurrence of the previous response

Back 40

Inter Response Time (IRT)

Front 41

A proportion, expressed as a number of parts per 100; typically expressed as a ratio of th number of responses of certain type per total number of responses (or opportunities or intervals in which such a response could have occurred)

Back 41

Percentage

Front 42

Number of responses, instructional trials, or practice opportunities needed to reach a predetermined performance criterion

Back 42

Trials to Criterion

Front 43

The form or shape of behavior

Back 43

Topography

Front 44

The strength, intensity, or force of behavior

Back 44

Magnitude

Front 45

The process of assigning numbers and units to particular features of objects or events...(it) invovles attaching a number representing the observed extent of a dimensional quantity to an appropriate unit. The number and the unit together constitute the measure of the object or event

Back 45

Measurement

Front 46

(also called countability)
Instances of a response class can occur repeatedly through time (i.e. behavior can be counted)

Back 46

Repeatability

Front 47

Every instance of behavior occurs during some amount of time (i.e., the duration of behavior can be measured)

Back 47

Temporal Extent

Front 48

Every instance of behavior occurs at a certain point in time with respect to other events (i.e., when behavior occurs can be measured)

Back 48

Temporal Locus

Front 49

A two-phase experimental design consisting of a pre-treatment baseline condition (A) followed by a treatment condition (B)

Back 49

AB Design

Front 50

A three-phase experimental design consisting of an initial baseline phase (A) until steady state responding (or countertherapeutic trend) is obtained, an intervention phase in which the treatment condition (B) is implemented until the behavior has changed and steady state responding is obtained, an a return to baseline conditions (A) by withdrawing the independent variable to see whether responding "reverses" to levels observed in the initial baseline phase

Back 50

A-B-A Design