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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why the weak pulse in hypovolaemia?
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Calf in shock
Less blood volume = less blood pumped around body |
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How do baroreceptors respond to low blood pressure?
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Decreased firing to medulla oblongata
Reduced vagal tone Increased heart rate and force, peripheral vasoconstriction, Heart increases stroke volume |
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Why vaccinate cows and not calves?
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Calves' immune system not fully developed
Maternal antibodies may be present Long length of time between exposure and immune response |
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Types of viral infection?
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Cytosidal - morphological changes to cell (CPE), inhibition of protein and DNA and RNA synthesis
Persistant non-cytosidal (productive) - no CPE, some loss of function? Persistant non-cytosidal (non-productive) - no effects Transformation - immortalised cells |
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How are viruses recognised by interferons?
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Certain viral proteins recognised e.g. flagellum, double stranded RNA, viral glycoproteins, endotoxins - infected cell produces interferons which go to uninfected cells - pathogen recognition receptors
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How do viruses evade IFN response?
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Inhibit IFN-induced enzymes
Inhibit IFN-IFN receptor interaction |
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Why hyperkalaemia with diarrhoea?
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Loss of K in diarrhoea
Because of acidosis, H ions in blood, body exchanges K for H using antiporter, so K in blood to raise pH |
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fluids?
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NaCl, water, HCO3
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