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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which muscles are part of the cranial extrinsic group?
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Trapezius, Omotransversarius, Brachiocephalicus
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What is the nerve supply for the cranial extrinsics?
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Accessory Nerve
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Which muscle group does the latissimus dorsi belong to?
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Caudal Extrinsics
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What is the main action of latissimus dorsi?
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Hold scapula and retract free limb.
If weight bearing draws body forward. |
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Which muscles are supplied by the brachial plexus?
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Rhomboideus,
Superficial and Deep Pectorals |
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What is the main action of the cranial extrinsics?
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Advance Limb
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What does the serratus ventralis do?
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Supports weight of trunk and can advance/retract limb as secondary action depending on limb position.
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Which muscles extend the shoulder?
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Technically None - complex biomechanics involving multiple muscles.
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Name the shoulder flexors
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Teres major and minor, Deltoideus
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Which muscles do dogs and cats use to supinate and pronate the antebrachium?
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Brachioradialis, Supinator, Pronator teres and pronator quadratus.
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What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
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Synsarcosis
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Where does the tendon of the biceps brachii originate?
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intertubercular groove of humerus
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What is bicipital tendonitis?
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Inflammation of the tendon in the bicipital/intertubercular groove.
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The lateral and medial gleno-humeral ligaments are part of which joint?
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Shoulder joint.
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What type of joint is the Elbow?
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Synovial Hinge Composite
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How many articulations does the elbow joint have?
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3:
Radio-ulnar Humero-radial Humero-ulnar |
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What is the function of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments?
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Medial and lateral joint stability
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What does the annular ligament do?
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Supports radius, allows rotational movement between ligament and ulnar.
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What is the name for the annular ligament and the ulnar?
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The osseo-ligamentous ring
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What is a common elbow joint problem in dogs?
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Fracture of the lateral humeral condyle.
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Name the bones of the canine carpus. (Medial to Lateral)
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Radial and Intermediate = fused
Ulnar Accessory Carpal 1,2,3,+ 4 |
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What might happen if the palmar ligament is torn?
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Loss of support - hyperextension of carpus
= Total collapse of joint. |
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Which ligament forms the carpal tunnel?
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Transverse Ligament of the Carpus.
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Where are the metacarpal sesamoids?
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Proximal - palmar surface of P1
Distal - palmar surface of P2-P3 Joint |
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How many Articulations does the carpus have?
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3:
Antebrachio-carpal **most important** Middle Carpal Carpo-Metacarpal |
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Which carpal joint is hinge/ellipsoidal?
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Antebrachio-carpal
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Which side of the thoracic limb do arteries lie?
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Medial
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Where would you be able to palpate a pulse on the thoracic limb?
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Brachial Artery, Median Artery
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Blood Vessels on the Right thoracic limb stem from
a) aorta b) Brachiocephalic artery |
Brachiocephalic Artery
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List from Proximal to Distal the major arteries of the thoracic limb.
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Axillary
Brachial Median Superfical Palmar |
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Where do arteries of the pelvic limb come from (after aorta)?
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External/Internal Iliacs
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List the veins of the thoracic limb from proximal to distal.
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Axillary, Brachial, Axillobrachial, Median Cubital, Cephalic, Accessory Cephalic
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Which vein is commonly used for I/V access on the thoracic limb
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Cephalic
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List the arteries of the pelvic limb from proximal to distal
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Aorta, External/Internal Iliac, Femoral, Cranial Tibial, Saphenous, Dorsal Pedal
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What region lies medially between Sartorius and Adductor Longus?
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The Femoral Triangle
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Where can you palpate a pulse on the pelvic limb?
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Femoral artery,
Saphenous (mid tibia) Dorsal Metatarsal Dorsal Pedal Artery **useful in analgesia** |
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How many spinal segments are there?
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8
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What is the brachial plexus?
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A network of nerve fibres supplying the forearm.
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From which spinal segments is the brachial plexus formed
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C6-8 and T1-2
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What may be seen from brachial plexus avulsion?
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Forelimb paralysis
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What occurs where there is nerve damage?
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Muscle atrophy
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Damage to the Musculocutaneous Nerve
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Biceps brachii and Brachialis affected.
Others compensate |
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What would be seen from damage to the radial nerve below the supply to the triceps?
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The limb can still bear weight
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Proximal damage to the radial nerve causes what?
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Paw knuckles.
Flexors are unopposed Limb useless |
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What are the motor only nerves of the lumbosacral plexus?
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Obturator and Gluteal
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List the nerves of the Lumbosacral plexus from proximal to distal.
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Femoral, Obturator, Glutealm Sciatic, Peroneal and Tibial
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What may be seen from femoral nerve damage?
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Paralysis of quadriceps femoris.
Lack of stifle extension Leg cannot carry weight Collapses on affected side |
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When is the sciatic nerve at risk?
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Pelvic Fractures
Orthopaedics eg. pin placement in the intertrochanteric fossa of the femur |
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Which muscles are affected by sciatic nerve damage?
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Stifle flexors and Tarsus Extensors
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Sciatic nerve damage causes
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Unopposed digital flexion - paw knuckling
Stifle extensors are ok so limb can support weight. |
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What is affected by obturator nerve paralysis?
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Adductors. Cow does splits and cannot bring legs back in.
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What might cause obturator nerve damage?
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Cows/calving Trauma
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What lymph nodes does the forelimb lymph drain into?
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Axillary and Prescapular
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What are the three main lymph nodes on the pelvic limb?
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Medial Femoral
Superficial Inguinal Popliteal (distal limb) |
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Where is the lubosacral plexus formed from?
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ventral branches of lumbar and sacral spinal nerves
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Which are the motor nerves of the thoracic limb?
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Suprascapular and Subscapular
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What does plexus mean?
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Tangle of nerves
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