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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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6 Common Symptoms of Organic Brain Disorders
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1. impairment of orientation (may not know who they are or where they are)
2. impairment of memory 3. impairment of intellectual functioning (expressive and receptive language abilities) 4.impairment of judgement 5.inappropriate affect 6. loss of mental and emotional resilience |
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Which symptom is the most common
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impairment of memory
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confabulation
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filling in gaps of memory in stories by adding or making up stuff
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8 Common Causes
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cerebral infection
brain trauma vascular accidents brain tumor degenerative disorders nutritional deficiencies endocrine disorders toxic disorder |
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cerebral infection
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can get cerebral abscess (direct contact or bacteria moves from elsewhere in the body)
encephalitis (virus infects brain from bugs) meningitis (causes inflammation of brain/stem) neurosyphylis |
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brain trauma
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most common cause is car accidents
alcoholics and epileptics have unprotected falls sports |
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vascular accidents
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cerebral occlusion (blockage)
TIA cerebral hemorrhage (breakage) |
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cerebral occlusion
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blockage typically caused by clotting after a stroke or heart attack
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transient Ischemic Attacks
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minor strokes that often go unnoticed
associated with behavioral changes |
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cerebral hemorrhage
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breakage often associated cerebral aneurysm (a weakness in a blood vessel that may bubble up and expand till it bursts)
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brain tumor
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primary - originates in brain
secondary - metastasizes to brain |
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degenerative diseases
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caused by general deterioration/progressive pahtological change
Parkinson's Huntington's Chorea Alzheimers |
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Huntington's Chorea
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develop in 30's
many symptoms - disregard of social norms, violent outbursts, depression, poor memory/judgement, change in affect choreafrom movements explosive language |
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Choreaform movements
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twitching, spasmatic movements
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Nutritional Deficiencies
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Korsakoff's Psychosis (B1, Thiamine)
Pellagra (B3, niacin) Beriberi (B11, thiamine) |
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Endocrine Disorders
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dysfunction of the thyroid or adrenal glands
hyperthyroidism - excessive thyroxin secretions, hallucinations, anxiety, motor movements |
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Treatments
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insight therapies (help them identify how they are dealing with the disorder and teach coping skills)
CBT can be helpful for Alzheimers patients to not be down on themselves people deteriorate quickly without a loving supportive environment |
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conduct disorder
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a type of developmental disorder
has under controlled, externalizing symptoms (affecting the lives of others) |
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Common characteristics
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aggression
defiance, disobedience vandalism, theft early drug use mugging, fire setting abuse of animals lack of emotional connection |
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Other facts:
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more boys than girls, but girls catching up
increasing number of cases parents often deny the problem |
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Socialization Correlates
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lack a strong, affectionate bond with parents
parents fail to make firm moral demands parents reward aggressive behavior punish through power |
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School Phobia
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miss many days of school a week
1-2% of population more common in girls incidence overall is going down (less stay at home moms) |
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How is their relationship with mothers?
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mothers often struggle with separation anxiety also
overly emotionally meshed mother subtle messages reinforce staying at home |
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How do you minimize fears in childreen
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don't belittle them, but be understanding
play therapy - children often reveal their emotions through play coping models social rewards offer reinforcement teach relevant skills |
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Anorexia Symptoms
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serious weight loss, less than 85% of weight for their height
irrational fear of gaining weight |
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Characteristics
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denial of problem/hunger
distorted body image, judge others accurately pre-occupied with food early onset (12 to 18 years) |
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Bulimia Nervosa Characteristics
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"Binge Purge Syndrome"
seen in 1/2 of anorexic patients no extreme weight loss burning throat rampant cavities, peach fuzz for warmth, etc. |
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The bulimarexic
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2 types:
1. anorexia binge purge type (binge and purge for periods of time, both bulimic and anorexic) 2. anorexia restricting type |
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Psychoanalytic Etiology
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fear of their own budding sexuality, avoid food to maintiain that child like image
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Learning (socio-cultural)
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society teaches what is beautiful and image of self gets distorted
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Fear of Independence
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want to stay child like and protected by mom and dad
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fear of loss of control
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this is the one thing they can control in crazy world
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Treatment
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2 tiered (hospitalization/nutrition, and maintenance of weight)
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Prognosis
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positive
can kill you 25% still struggle down the road 70% show positive change |
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Autism incidence?
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skyrocketing in the past 20 years
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Characteristics of Autism
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80% considered mentally retarded
3.5:1 ratio of more boys than girls "good little babies" don't seek love, attention like normal indifferent to cuddling aimless bursts of activity escape artists more interested in things vs humans lack awareness of personal danger SIB language deficits |
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3 criteria for mental retardation (intellectual disability)
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1. IQ below 70 (used to 85)
2. deficits in adaptive behavior (AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scale or VIneland Adaptive Behavior Scale) 3. Onset prior to age 18 |
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SIB
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self injurious behavior
Lovaa's use of aversive conditioning can help helmets with white noise, squirt guns with bad tasting solution |
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Language Deficits
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mutism
echolalia (delayed) |
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Savant
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10% of autistics
same as normal but with special ability |
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Etiology?
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favors NATURE much more than nurutre
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Treatment
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start behavioral modification early on, stop negative behaviors and reinforce good ones
important to establish language and communication prognosis is MUCH better when language is established before age 5 |
