Ab Psych Ch. 12

Front 1

opioids

Back 1

-heroin, morphine, codeine
-synthetic opioid - methadone

Front 2

"Soldiers' disease"

Back 2

morphine dependence

Front 3

Stimulants

Back 3

increase CNS activity
faster thinking, not neccessarily better thinking
-cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine

Front 4

cocaine

Back 4

-most powerful stimulant known; effects very similar to amphetamines
-inflates energy and confidence
-naturally occurring
-increases dopamine, norepi, and serotonin
- 1st high always the best

Front 5

cocaine intoxication

Back 5

poor muscle coordination, grandiosity, bad judgement, anger, aggression, compulsive behavior, anxiety and confusion

Front 6

free- basing

Back 6

the pure cocaine basic alkaloid is chemically separated from processed cocaine, vaporized by a flame, and inhaled

Front 7

cocaine induced psychotic disorder

Back 7

hallucinations, delusions, or both

Front 8

dopamine effects of cocaine

Back 8

prevents reabsorption of dopamine so excessive amounts travel up neurons

Front 9

cocaine withdrawal symptoms

Back 9

depression, fatigue, sleep problems, irratability, and anxiety
-may last for weeks or months after drug use stops

Front 10

crack

Back 10

a powerful form of free-base cocaine that has been boiled down into crystal balls

Front 11

amphetamines

Back 11

synthetic stimulant 1st designed to treat asthma
very similar to cocaine
tolerance builds very quickly
upon stopping, deep depression and extended sleep

Front 12

methamphetamine

Back 12

"crank"
-available in crystals to be smoke - crystal meth
-causes neurotoxicity

Front 13

caffeine

Back 13

-most widely used stimulant
->3cups = caffeine intoxication
-users experience withdrawal upon stopping

Front 14

caffeine intoxication

Back 14

may include symptoms such as restlessness, nervousness, anxiety, stomach disturbances, twitching, and increased heart rate
-grand mal seizure or circulatory failure can occur at doses >10 grams

Front 15

hallucinogens
"psychedelic drugs"

Back 15

cause powerful changes in sensory perceptions from increasing normal to inducing illusions - called trips
-lsd, mescaline, psilocybin, and mdma

Front 16

LSD

Back 16

-derived from naturally occurring ergot alkaloids
-hallucinosis and synesthesia
-interferes w/ serotonin activity
-flashbacks even yrs after used

Front 17

hallucinosis or hallucinogen intoxication

Back 17

a general strengthening of perceptions, particularly visual, along w/ psych changes and physical symptoms
-ppl may focus on small details, colors may seem enhanced, or illusions may be experienced

Front 18

synesthesia

Back 18

different senses cross
-ex:colors may be "heard" of "felt"

Front 19

LSD biggest issues

Back 19

hallucinations, bad trips, and flashbacks
-tolerance or withdrawal do not usually occur

Front 20

Cannabis

Back 20

-most powerful = hashish
- THC is chemical responsible for its effects. More of this in hashish than marijuana.

Front 21

medicinal uses of cannabis

Back 21

chronic pain, asthma, to reduce nausea and vomiting after chemo, to improve appetites of AIDS pts

Front 22

combining substances or polysubstance use

Back 22

cross-tolerance and synergistic effects

Front 23

cross-tolerance

Back 23

tolerance for a substance one has not taken before as a result of using another substance similar to it

Front 24

synergistic effect

Back 24

an increase in effects that occurs when more than one substance is acting on the body at the same time; may be more than the sum of the two effects separately

Front 25

sociocultural explanation of substance abuse

Back 25

-most likely to develop if living under stressful situations
-more likely to deveop in family/social environ. where it is accepted/valued

Front 26

psychodynamic view of substance abuse

Back 26

-poweful dependency needs that can be traced to early yrs
-some respond to early deprivations by developing a substance abuse personality
-

Front 27

cognitive-behavioral view of substance abuse

Back 27

-operant conditioning - the pleasure of the high leaves person wanting more
-expectancy - that it will be enjoyable motivates to increase dosage

Front 28

Richard Soloman's opponent-process theory

Back 28

The brain is structured in such a way that pleasurable meotions, such as drug-euphoria, inevitably lead to opponent processes - negative aftereffects - that leave the person feeling worse than before

Front 29

classical conditioning as a cause for substance abuse

Back 29

cues or objects present at the time drugs are taken may act as conditioned stimuli and come to produce some of the same pleasure brought on by the drug itself

Front 30

biological view of substance abuse

Back 30

-genetic predispostion: genetic linkage and molecular biology support this
-biochemical factors: chronic alcohol or benzos lowers GABA; opioids lowers endorphins; cocaine or amphetamines lowers dopamine

Front 31

reward-deficiency syndrom

Back 31

their reward center is not readily activated by the usual events in their lives so they turn to drugs to stimulate this pathway

Front 32

psychodynamic therapies treating substance abuse

Back 32

-1st guide to uncover and work throug underlying needs and conflicts leadind to disorder
-then try to help change styles of living
-often applied, but not effective alone

Front 33

behavioral therapies for treating substance abuse

Back 33

aversion therapy=approach based on principles of classical conditioning; present individuals presented w/ unpleasant stimulus at the very moment they take a drug
-applied more to alcohol

Front 34

covert sensitization

Back 34

requires people with alcoholism to imagine extremely upsetting, repulsive, or frightening scenes while they are drinking

Front 35

contingency management

Back 35

makes incentives contingent on the submission of drug-free urine speciemens

Front 36

cognitive-behavioral therapies for substance abuse

Back 36

behavioral self-control training and relapse-prevention training

Front 37

behavioral self-control training (BSCT)

Back 37

-have client keep track of drinking
-writing down times, location, emotions, body changes, they become more aware of the situations that put them at risk for drinking
-they are then taught coping strategies

Front 38

relapse-prevention training

Back 38

-assigned many of the same tasks as in BSCT
-also taught to plan ahead of time how many drinks are appropriate
-usually need multiple treatments for success
-also used w/ marijuana and cocaine, as well as paraphilias

Front 39

biological treatments

Back 39

-detoxification
-antagonist drugs
-drug maintenance therapy

Front 40

detoxification

Back 40

systematic, medically supervised withdrawal from a drug
-may be gradual, taking smaller and smaller amts until they are off drug
-may give other drugs to reduce symptoms (antianxiety for dt's and seizures from alcohol)
-relapse common if no follow-up treatment received