Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Aminoglycosides are usually used for which types of infections?
|
Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species
|
|
|
Carbapenems are usually used for which types of infections?
|
Gangrene, sepsis, pneumonia, abdominal and urinary infections,
infections due to susceptible bacteria resistant to other antibiotics, and (except for ertapenem Some Trade Names INVANZ ) Pseudomonas infections |
|
|
Cephalosporins, 1st generation are usually used for which types of infections?
|
Mainly skin and soft-tissue infections
|
|
|
Cephalosporins, 2nd generation are usually used for which types of infections?
|
Some respiratory and, for cefoxitin Some Trade Names
MEFOXIN , abdominal infectionss |
|
|
Cephalosporins, 3rd generation are usually used for which types of infections?
|
Given by mouth: Broad coverage of many bacteria for people with mild-to-moderate infections, including skin and soft-tissue infections
Given by injection: Serious infections (such as meningitis or infections acquired in a hospital) |
|
|
Cephalosporins, 4th generation are usually used for what infections?
|
Serious infections (including Pseudomonas infections), particularly in people with a weakened immune system and infections due to susceptible bacteria resistant to other antibiotics
|
|
|
Cephalosporins, 5th generation are usually used for what infections?
|
Complicated skin infections, including foot infections in people with diabetes, due to susceptible bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
|
|
|
Fluoroquinolones are usually used for what infections?
|
Sepsis, urinary tract infections, bacterial prostatitis, bacterial diarrhea, and gonorrhea
|
|
|
Glycylcycline are usually used for what infections?
|
Complicated abdominal infections and complicated skin infections due to susceptible bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus (including those resistant to methicillin), and anaerobes
|
|
|
Macrolides are usually used for what infections?
|
Streptococcal infections, syphilis, respiratory infections, mycoplasmal infections, and Lyme disease
|
|
|
Penicillins
|
Wide range of infections, including streptococcal infections, syphilis, and Lyme disease
|
|
|
Polypeptides* are usually used for what infections?
|
Ear, eye, skin, or bladder infections
Usually applied directly to the skin, and rarely given by injection |
|
|
Sulfonamides are usually used for what infections?
|
Urinary tract infections (except sulfasalazine),
sulfacetamide Some Trade Names BLEPH-10, and mafenide Some Trade Names SULFAMYLON) For mafenide Some Trade Names SULFAMYLON only topically for burns |
|
|
Tetracyclines are usually used for what infections?
|
Syphilis, chlamydial infections, Lyme disease, mycoplasmal infections, and rickettsial infections
|
|
|
Examples of Aminoglycosides?
|
Amikacin
Gentamicin Kanamycin Neomycin Some Trade Names NEO-RX Netilmicin Streptomycin Tobramycin |
|
|
Common s/e of Aminoglycosides?
|
Hearing loss
Dizziness Kidney damage |
|
|
Examples of Carbapenems?
|
Carbapenems
Ertapenem Some Trade Names INVANZ Doripenem Some Trade Names DORIBAX Imipenem-cilastatin Some Trade Names Meropenem Some Trade Names MERREM |
|
|
Common s/e of Carbapenems?
|
Seizures (especially with imipenem)
Confusion |
|
|
Examples of Cephalosporins, 1st generation?
|
Cephalosporins, 1st generation
Cefadroxil Some Trade Names DURICEF Cefazolin Some Trade Names ANCEFKEFZOL Cephalexin Some Trade Names KEFLEX |
|
|
Common s/e of Cephalosporins, 1st generation?
|
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
Nausea Allergic reactions |
|
|
Examples of Cephalosporins, 2nd generation?
|
Cephalosporins, 2nd generation
Cefaclor Cefoxitin Some Trade Names MEFOXIN Cefprozil Some Trade Names CEFZIL Cefuroxime Some Trade Names CEFTINZINACEF Loracarbef |
|
|
Common s/e of Cephalosporins, 2nd generation?
|
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
Nausea Allergic reactions |
|
|
Examples of Cephalosporins, 3rd generation?
|
Cephalosporins, 3rd generation
Cefixime Some Trade Names SUPRAX Cefdinir Some Trade Names OMNICEF Cefditoren Some Trade Names SPECTRACEF Cefoperazone Cefotaxime Some Trade Names CLAFORAN Cefpodoxime Some Trade Names VANTIN Ceftazidime Some Trade Names FORTAZTAZICEF Ceftibuten Some Trade Names CEDAX Ceftizoxime Some Trade Names CEFIZOX Ceftriaxone Some Trade Names ROCEPHIN |
|
|
Common s/e of Cephalosporins, 3rd generation?
|
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
Nausea Allergic reactions |
|
|
Some examples of Cephalosporins, 4th generation?
|
MAXIPIME
|
|
|
Common s/e of Cephalosporins, 4th generation?
|
Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea
Nausea Allergic reactions |
|
|
Some examples of Cephalosporins, 5th generation?
|
Ceftobiprole
(Zeftera/Zevtera) is a next generation (5th generation) cephalosporin antibiotic with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococci.[2][3][4] It was discovered by Basilea Pharmaceutica[5] and was developed by Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development.[6] It has been shown to be statistically non-inferior to the combination of vancomycin and ceftazidime for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. |
|
|
Common s/e of Cephalosporins, 5th?
|
none listed
|
|
|
Some examples of Fluoroquinolones?
|
Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin Some Trade Names CILOXANCIPRO Levofloxacin Some Trade Names LEVAQUINQUIXIN Lomefloxacin Moxifloxacin Some Trade Names AVELOX Norfloxacin Some Trade Names NOROXIN Ofloxacin Some Trade Names FLOXINOCUFLOX Trovafloxacin |
|
|
Common s/e of Fluoroquinolones?
|
Nausea (rare)
Nervousness, tremors, and seizures Inflammation or rupture of tendons Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and inflammation of the colon (colitis) With trovafloxacin, sometimes fatal liver damage |
|
|
Some examples of Glycylcycline?
|
Tigecycline Some Trade Names
TYGACIL |
|
|
Common s/e of Glycylcycline?
|
Gastrointestinal upset
Sensitivity to sunlight Permanent staining of teeth in the fetus if used late in pregnancy or in children under 8 years of age |
|
|
Some examples of Macrolides?
|
Azithromycin Some Trade Names
ZITHROMAX Clarithromycin Some Trade Names BIAXIN Dirithromycin Erythromycin Some Trade Names E-MYCINERYTHROCIN Troleandomycin |
|
|
Common s/e of Macrolides?
|
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (especially at higher doses)
Jaundice Abnormal heart rhythms |
|
|
Some examples of Monobactams?
|
Aztreonam Some Trade Names
AZACTAM |
|
|
Common s/e of Monobactams?
? |
Allergic reactions
Can be used in patients allergic to antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems |
|
|
Commonly used Penicillins?
|
AMOXILTRIMOX
Ampicillin Some Trade Names PRINCIPEN Carbenicillin Some Trade Names GEOCILLIN Cloxacillin Some Trade Names CLOXAPEN Dicloxacillin Nafcillin Oxacillin Some Trade Names BACTOCILL Penicillin G Penicillin V Some Trade Names VEETIDS Piperacillin Ticarcillin |
|
|
Common s/e of
Penicillins? |
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Allergy with serious anaphylactic reactions Brain and kidney damage (rare) |
|
|
Common polypeptides?
|
Bacitracin Some Trade Names
BACIIM Colistin Some Trade Names COLY-MYCIN M Polymyxin B |
|
|
Common s/e of polypeptides?
|
Kidney and nerve damage (when given by injection)
|
|
|
Common Sulfonamides?
|
Mafenide Some Trade Names
SULFAMYLON Sulfacetamide Some Trade Names BLEPH-10 Sulfamethizole Sulfasalazine Some Trade Names AZULFIDINE Sulfisoxazole Some Trade Names LIPO GANTRISIN Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
|
|
Common s/e of Sulfonamides?
|
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Allergy (including skin rashes) Crystals in urine (rare) Decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts Sensitivity to sunlight Possibly increased tendency to bleed if used along with warfarin Some Trade Names COUMADIN |
|
|
Common Tetracyclines?
|
Demeclocycline Some Trade Names
DECLOMYCIN Doxycycline Some Trade Names VIBRAMYCIN Minocycline Some Trade Names MINOCIN Oxytetracycline Tetracycline |
|
|
Common s/e of Tetracyclines?
|
Gastrointestinal upset
Sensitivity to sunlight Staining of teeth in children under 8 years old or in the fetus if used late in pregnancy |
|
|
Clindamycin?
|
Streptococcal and staphylococcal infections, respiratory infections, and lung abscess
|
|
|
Clindamycin s/e?
|
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and inflammation of the colon (colitis)
|
|
|
Daptomycin?
|
Complicated skin infections, bloodstream infections, and certain heart valve infections (endocarditis) due to susceptible bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Not used when infection involves the lungs |
|
|
Daptomycin s/e?
|
Gastrointestinal upset
Muscle pain and weakness |
|
|
Flagyl?
|
Vaginitis caused by Trichomonas or Gardnerella species and pelvic and abdominal infections
|
|
|
Flagyl s/e?
|
Nausea
Headache (especially if the drug is taken with alcohol) Metallic taste Numbness and tingling in the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy) Dark urine |
|
|
Vancomycin?
|
Serious infections, especially those due to MRSA or Enterococcus, and those resistant to other antibiotics
|
|
|
s/e of Vancomycin?
|
Flushing, itching
Allergic reactions Decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts |
|
|
Rifampin?
|
Tuberculosis and leprosy
|
|
|
Rifampin s/e?
|
Rash
Liver dysfunction Red-orange saliva, sweat, tears, and urine |
|
|
Pyrazinamide's used for?
|
Tuberculosis
|
|
|
S/E of Pyrazinamide?
|
Liver dysfunction
Gout (occasionally) |
|
|
Nitrofurantoin's uses?
|
Urinary tract infections
|
|
|
Nitrofurantoin s/e?
|
Nausea and vomiting
Allergy |
|
|
Quinupristin-dalfopristin used for?
|
Serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics
|
|
|
Quinupristin-dalfopristin s/e?
|
Aching muscles and joints
|
|
|
Spectinomycin's used for?
|
Gonorrhea
|
|
|
Spectinomycin s/e?
|
Allergy
Fever |
|
|
Linezolid?
|
Serious infections caused by gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to many other antibiotics
|
|
|
s/e of Linezolid?
|
Nausea
Headache Diarrhea Anemia and low white blood cell and platelet counts Numbness and tingling in the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy) Visual disturbances Confusion, agitation, tremors or coma in some people who also use selective serotonin-release inhibitors (SSRIs) |
|
|
Isoniazid?
|
Tuberculosis
|
|
|
Isoniazid s/e?
|
Nausea and vomiting
Jaundice |
|
|
Ethambutol ?
|
Ethambutol Some Trade Names
MYAMBUTOL Tuberculosis |
|
|
Ethambutol s/e?
|
Ethambutol Some Trade Names
MYAMBUTOL Vision disturbances |
|
|
Fosfomycin?
|
Fosfomycin Some Trade Names
MONUROL Bladder infections |
|
|
Fosfomycin s/e?
|
Diarrhea
|
|
|
Telithromycin?
|
Mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia
|
|
|
Telithromycin s/e?
|
Visual disturbances
Liver damage (possibly fatal) Worsening of symptoms in people with myasthenia gravis (possibly fatal) |
|
|
Chloramphenicol?
|
Typhoid, other salmonellal infections, and meningitis
|
|
|
Chloramphenicol s/e?
|
Severe decrease in white blood cell count (rare)
|
