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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS:
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Brain and Spinal Cord
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PNS:
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Nerves than go from CNS to organs, muscles, glands, etc.
Divided into: SNS ANS |
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SNS
ANS |
Parts of PNS
SNS goes to skeletal muscles ANS: viscera and smooth muscles (Sympathetic and Parasympathetic) |
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Sympathetic & Parasympathetic
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Parts of ANS:
Sympathetic: Fight or Flight Parasympathetic: relaxation, digestion, |
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Neural Development
5 stages |
PMDMS
Proliferation 2.5 weeks Migration 8 weeks Differentiation: develop axns/ dendrites Myelination: mostly postnatal Synaptogensis: postnatal |
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Ataxia:
Apraxia Agnosia: Anosognosia: |
Ataxia: Like being drunk- slurred speech, uncoordinated. (cerebellum)
APRAXIA: No skilled motor ANOSOGNOSIA: Cant recognize own symptoms AGNOSIA:Cant recognize familiar objects |
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Cerebellum:
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Balance, posture, coordinated motor
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RAS
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Consciousness, arousal, wakefulness
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Thalamus:
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Relay station for all SENSES except smell. (also motor, memory, language, Korsakoff)
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Hypothalamus:
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Hunger & homeostasis (damage = rage)
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SCN
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Circadian and sleep/wake. SAD.
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Basal Gang
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BG Big movements, expressive facial movements
(huntingtons, parkinsons, tourettes) |
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Limbic-
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ON the edge!!
Basal Gang Amygdala Hippocampus |
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Hippocampus:
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learning, memory
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Kluver-Bucy
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Psychic blindness- cant recongize meaning, problems in amygdala
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Parietal Lobe:
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Somatosensor cortex
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Parietal Lobe:
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Somatosensory cortex
Apraxia & anosognosia |
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Occipital Lobe:
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Sight
Visual agnosia Prosopagnosia at the corner with temporal and parietal |
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Left:Dominant
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Letters, words, language, verbal memory, speech, reading, writing, positive emotions
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Right/Nondominant:
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Patterns, faces, music, nonverbal sounds, nonverbal memory, geometry, direction, negative emotions
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Theories of color:
Trichromatic Opponent |
Tri: 3 receptors, RGB
Opponent: RG, YB, WB |
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Gate control theory:
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Can only feel a certain amount of sensory info, ie, pain at a time...
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Psychophysics
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Amount of stimulus threshold stuff... ie, weber's law, fechners law, stevens power law
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Weber:
Fechner: Stephens: |
More intense stimulus, need more intesity to perceive. IE: One gram to 10 grams to feel, 10 grams to 100 grams. (a ratio, whisper in library, etc)
FECHNER: increases arithmatically, geometrically/logarithmically Stephens Law: At extremes, others apply to middle of spectrum: exponential descriptions... |
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Memory:
Temporal |
Temporal: LT declarative
Hipposcampus: consolidates doesnt store, alzheimers, Amygdala: trauma, ptsd Prefrontal: STM, episodic, prospective Thalamus: Processing memories BG, Cerebellum Motor: procedural and implicit |
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LTP:
Protein Synthesis ApoE4 |
LTP: glutamate receptors and other areas- changes # and shape of dendrites and synapses.
Protein Synthesis RNA during/after learning for LTM, ApoE4: linked to alzheimers |
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James-Lange:
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Body then interpret mentally
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Cannon-Bard
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Simultaneous
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Schacter-Schacter
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Only one physio reaction, its how we interpret it.
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Lazarus
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Appraisal: how you interpret events/situation. Depends on you and how you interpret it/respond.
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Emotion: Limbic
Amygdala Hypothalamus Cerberal Ctex |
Amygdala: perception of emotion, and immediate visceral response (anger, fear, etc)
Hypothalamus: translate into response CC: Left =positive emotions (damage= depression) Right=nondom=negative (damage = indifference, cheerful) |
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General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
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Stress response mediated by adrenal and pituitary glands.
Alarm Reaction- release epinephrine, increase glucose and heart rate etc... Resistance: Hypothalamus releases acth which releases cortisol Exhaustion: cant keep up elevated levels, and fatigue depression set in... leave body vulnerable to disease, etc... |
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Sleep: 5 stages
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Beta
Alpha Theta Delta REM (most vivid dreams) |
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First two months, babies srat with REM then reverse. 50% of newborn, 30% by 6 months, and 20% by adulthood.
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REM & Development
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Post Concussional Syndrome: or
mild TBI |
headache, dizzy, nausea, vision, drowsy, then- insomnia, fatigue, tinnitus, cognitive impairment, irritability, depression, anxiety. Most recover 1-3 months.
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Huntington's:
Parent/child likelihood Age Symptoms |
Children of huntingtons have 50%
Usually 30-50yo Emotional/cognitive then motor GABA isues, glutamate, in bg, cn, putamen, gp |
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PARKINSONS
Whats happening in brain Co-occurring psychiatric symptoms: Treating motor symptoms |
Degeneration of dopamine cells in substantia nigra
Motor, then more psychiatric (ie, 50% depression) With L-Dopa - a dopamine agonist |
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Generalized Seizures:
Tonic Clonic/GrandMal Absence/petit mal/(tonic) |
tonic- muscles contract-
clonic- shaking Just loss of consciousness |
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Partial seizures:
Simple & complex |
Start on one side of brain/body, sometimes spread
Simple- no loss of consciousness, complex- change in consciousness |
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Multiple Sclerosis:
What is it? Who? |
Demyelination, various triggers. More women, age onset 20-40. 80-85% have relapsing remitting.
vision, fatigue, sensory probs, motor, electric sensation, 50-70% cognitive impairments |
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Anticholinergic SEs: (seen with traidtion antipsychotic/neuroleptics)
Extrapyramidal (dopamine related) |
Dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation, delayed ejaculation
EP's: Tardive dyskenesia, other motor |
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Atypicals:
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Treat + and - symptoms of schizophrenia and other disorders.
Have some anticholinergic, fewer extrapyramidal Require bloodwork |
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Cannon Bard
VS James Lange |
CB: Simultaneous
JL Body -> Emotion Schacter-> one response, how we interpret Lazarus: |
