Aaron Rodriguez

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Thesis statement

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Sentence describing the central idea of a speech

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Values

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A deeply rooted belief about a concept's inherent worth.

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Beliefs

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A underlying conviction about the truth of an idea, often based on cultural training.

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Attitudes

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Predisposition to respond to an idea, person, or thing favorably or unfavorably

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Survey research

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In formation gathering in which the responses of a sample of a population are collected to disclose information about the larger group.

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Extemporaneous

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A speech that is planned in advance but presented in a direct, conversational manner.

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Impromptu

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A speech given "off the top of one's head," without preparation.

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Memorization

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A speech learned and delivered by memory without a written text.

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Manuscript

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A speech that is read word for word from a prepared text.

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Space pattern

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Organizing plan in a speech that arranges points according to their physical location.

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Time pattern

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Organizing plan for a speech based on chronology.

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Topic pattern

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Organizing plan for a speech that arranges points according to logical types or categories.

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Cause-effect pattern

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Organizing plan for a speech that demonstrates how one or more events result in another event or events.

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Testimony

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Supporting material that proves or illustrates a point by citing an authoritative source.

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Narration

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Presentation of speech supporting material as a story with a beginning, middle, and end.

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Analogy

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Extended comparison that can be used as supporting material in a speech.

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Anecdote

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A brief personal story used to illustrate or support a point in a speech.

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Citation

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brief statement of supporting material in a speech.

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Transitions

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Phrase that connects ideas in a speech by showing how one relates to the other.

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Audience involvement

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level of commitment and attention that listeners devote to a speech.

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Information overload

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Decline in efficiency that occurs when the rate of complexity of material is too great to manage.

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Specific-purpose statement

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The precise effect that the speaker wants to have on an audience. Expressed in the form of a purpose statement.

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Signpost

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A phrase that emphasizes the importance of upcoming material in a speech.

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Vocal citation

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A simple, concise, spoken statement of the source of your evidence.

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Audience participation

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Listener activity during speech; technique to increase audience involvement.

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Instructions

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Remarks that teach something to an audience in a logical, step-by-step manner.

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Explanations

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Speeches or presentations that clarify ideas and concepts already known but not understood by an audience.

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Descriptions

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In terms of communication climate, a statement in which the speaker describes his position.

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Diagrams

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A line drawing that shows the most important components of an object.

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Ad hominen fallacy

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Fallacious argument that attacks that integrity of a person to weaken his or her position.

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Reduction ad absurdum

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Fallacious reasoning that unfairly attacks an argument by extending it to such extreme lengths that it looks ridiculous.

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Post hoc fallacy

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Fallacious reasoning that mistakenly assumes that one event causes another because they occur sequentially.

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Argumentum ad populum

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Fallacious reasoning based on the dubious notion that because many people favor an idea, you should, too.

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Either-or fallacy

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Fallacious reasoning that sets up false alternatives, suggesting that if the inferior one must be rejected. than the other must be accepted.

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Actuating

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to move members of an audience toward a specific behavior.

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Convincing

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A speech goal that aims at changing the audience members' beliefs, values, or attitudes.

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Fallacy

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An error in logic.

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Definitions

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Give your audience the definition of key terms.

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periodicals

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magazines, newspapers, journals

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Nonprint materials

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films, records, tapes, videotapes

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How to gain audience attention

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refer to the audience, refer to the occasion, refer to the relationship between the object and the subject, refer to something similar to the audience, cite a startling fact or opinion, ask a question, tell an anecdote, use a quotation, tell a joke

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Citing statistics

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Use a credible source to prove something. Must be cited.

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Purpose of statements in speech

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Sentence that describes exactly what you want your speech to accomplish

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Audience analysis

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Identifying and adapting your remarks to the most pertinent characteristics of your listeners.

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Demographic characteristics

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characteristics of your audience that can be categorized, such as cultural differences, age, gender, group membership, number of people.

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Charisma

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The speakers enthusiasm and likability

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Motivated sequence and steps in it.

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The problem in broken down into an attention step, and a need step, and the solution is broken down into a satisfaction step, a step, and an action step.visualization

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Speech of description

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Uses details to create a word picture. The most straight forward.

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Speech of explanation

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Clarifies ideas and concepts that are already known but not understood by the audience.

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Speech of instruction

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Teach something to the audience in a logical, step-by-step manner.

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Speech of persuasion

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You inform your audience about your arguments, your evidence.

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Different general purposes

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Descriptions, explanations, instructions

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Effective use of visual aides

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Important for informative speeches.
objects and models, diagrams, word and number charts, pie charts, bar and column charts, line charts, whiteboards, flip charts, handouts, projectors, electronic media.

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Q & A periods

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To increase audience involvement allow time to answer questions at the end of your speech.

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How to adapt to audience in persuasive

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Motivated sequence by Alan Monroe in 1930.

See Motived Sequence

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Competence

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Speaker's expertise on the topic.

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Character

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The audience's perception of the speaker. Honesty and impartiality