Aaptis 100 - Exam 1 (Review Sheet 2)

Front 1

Hatti

Back 1

Spoke Indo-European language

-established kingdom centered in Hattusa
-hittite empire

Front 2

Hurrians

Back 2

The Hurrians (also Khurrites;[1] cuneiform Ḫu-ur-ri

Front 3

Luwians

Back 3

cuneiform and “hieroglyphic”

Front 4

Hattuåili I

Back 4

Important Ruler of Old Hittite Period

began expansion into Syria (c. 1650-1620)

Front 5

Muråili I

Back 5

Important Ruler of Old Hittite Period

raided Babylon
(c. 1620-1590)

Front 6

Åuppiluliuma I

Back 6

Hittite king

-involved in treaty

Front 7

Muråili II

Back 7

Consolidator of the Hittite Empire (c. 1321-1290)

Ascended throne as an untried youth
Put down widespread revolt among vassals
Composed “Plague Prayers”

Front 8

Hattuåili III, Puduhepa

Back 8

Urhi-Teššup (Muršili III)
(c. 1266-1259)
vs.
Hattušili III
(and Puduhepa)

Front 9

Ebla

Back 9

an ancient city about 55 km southwest of Aleppo. It was an important city-state

cuneiform tablets written in Sumerian script to record Eblaite language (semitic)

Front 10

Hattuåa

Back 10

seat of Hittite empire

Front 11

Emar

Back 11

ancient Amorite city in northeastern Syria

-source of many cuneiform tablets

Front 12

Mari

Back 12

Ancient sumerian and amorite city

-flourished from 2900 BC until 1759 BC when it was sacked by Hammurabi

Front 13

Ugarit

Back 13

an ancient cosmopolitan port city, sited on the Mediterranean coast

garit sent tribute to Egypt and maintained trade and diplomatic connections with Alashiya

Front 14

Sun-goddess of Arinna

Back 14

Arinna was the major cult center of the Hittite sun goddess Xanthos

King Mursili II was particularly devoted to the sun goddess of Arinna.

Front 15

Yazılıkaya

Back 15

a sanctuary of Hattusa, the capital city of the Hittite Empire

Front 16

syncretism

Back 16

he attempt to reconcile disparate or contradictory beliefs, often while melding practices of various schools of though (theology/mythology of religions)

Front 17

Enlil

Back 17

a chief deity listed and written about in ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Hittite, Canaanite and other Mesopotamian clay and stone tablets

Front 18

Suppiluliuma I

Back 18

last known king of the New Kingdom of the Hittite Empire

Front 19

Thousand Gods of Hatti

Back 19

religon of hitties - many dieties

Front 20

Enki

Back 20

a deity in Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea in Babylonian mythology, originally chief god of the city of Eridu.
He was the deity of crafts
common translation is "Lord of the Earth"

Front 21

Ninhursag

Back 21

earth and mother-goddess,
one of the seven great deities of Sumer.
She is principally a fertility goddess

Front 22

Shamash

Back 22

Shamash was the common Akkadian name of the sun-god and god of justice in Babylonia and Assyria, corresponding to Sumerian Utu.

Front 23

Abydos

Back 23

one of the most ancient cities of Upper Egypt

Front 24

apsu

Back 24

the name for fresh water from underground aquifers that was given a religious quality in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology.

Lakes, springs, rivers, wells, and other sources of fresh water were thought to draw their water from the abzu.

Front 25

me

Back 25

one of the decrees of the gods foundational to those social institutions, religious practices, technologies, behaviors, mores, and human conditions that make civilization, as the Sumerians understood it, possible.

Front 26

Indo-Iranian

Back 26

consist of the Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Dardic and Nuristani peoples, that is, speakers of Indo-Iranian languages.

Front 27

Zoroaster/Zarathustra

Back 27

an ancient Iranian prophet and religious poet

Front 28

Great King

Back 28

a tradition of reciprocally using such addresses between powers as a way of diplomatically recognizing each other as major, such as the Hittites, Mitanni and the Pharaoh of Egypt.

Front 29

David

Back 29

he second king of the united Kingdom of Israel

Front 30

Solomon

Back 30

the son of David

final king before the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah split

Front 31

Jerusalem

Back 31

a city in the land of Canaan, which was built in ca. 5000 BCE, by the Canaanite people , has been dismantled and rebuilt 18 times and is one of the oldest cities in the world

Front 32

Samaria

Back 32

a term used for the mountainous northern part of the West Bank of the Jordan River.

Front 33

Babylonian exile

Back 33

he Babylonian captivity, Babylonian exile, is the name typically given to the deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar during the 6th Century BCE

Front 34

Philip of Macedonia

Back 34

Philip II - father of alexander the great

king of macedon from 358 BCE until his assisination in 336 BCE

Front 35

Alexander III, the Great

Back 35

e was one of the most successful military commanders of all time and is presumed undefeated in battle. By the time of his death, he had conquered most of the world known to the ancient Greeks.[

Front 36

Aristotle

Back 36

a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

Front 37

Issus

Back 37

he Battle at Issus) occurred in southern Anatolia, in November 333 BC.

defeated the army personally led by Darius III of Achaemenid Persia in the second great battle for primacy in Asia

Front 38

Seleucids

Back 38

a Hellenistic empire, i.e. a successor state of Alexander the Great's empire

Front 39

Ptolemies

Back 39

a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family which ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt for nearly 300 years, from 305 BC to 30 BC

Front 40

Persepolis

Back 40

the ceremonial capital of the Persian Empire during the Achaemenid dynasty

Front 41

Marathon

Back 41

the first attempt by the Achaemenid Empire of Persia, under King Darius I, to subjugate Greece