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Front 1

The scapula ranges between what vertebrae?

Back 1

T2-T7

Front 2

What is Tuffier's line? What does it cross?

Back 2

An invisible line that connects the topes of the iliac crests. It crosses the L4-L5 junction.

Front 3

What vertebrae does the spinal cord end at?

Back 3

L1 or L2

Front 4

What causes scoliosis?

Back 4

Being born with an extra part of a vertebrae

Front 5

What is exaggeration of the lumbar curvature called?

Back 5

Lordosis

Front 6

What is exaggeration of the thoracic curvature called?

Back 6

Kyphosis

Front 7

What is spina bifida?

Back 7

A neural tube defect marked by congenital cleft of the spinal column usually with hernial protrusion of the meninges and sometimes the spinal cord

Front 8

What is the name of the joint between an upper and lower articulating vertebrae?

Back 8

Zygapophysial joint

Front 9

What is the name of the lip of the lateral body of a cervical vertebrae that forms a lateral joint?

Back 9

Uncinate process

Front 10

What artery is the first branch of the subclavian artery?

Back 10

Vertebral

Front 11

How much of the brain's blood supply do the right and left vertebral arteries supply?

Back 11

About a third

Front 12

What is between the superior articular and inferior articular process?

Back 12

The pars interarticularis

Front 13

What is spondyloisthesis?

Back 13

The forward displacement of a lumbar vertebra on the one below it and especially of the 5th lumbar vertabra on the sacrum, producing pain by compression of nerve roots

Front 14

What is the name of the canal that is created by S4 and S5 not fusing in the midline?

Back 14

Sacral hiatus

Front 15

Why is the intervertebral foramen an artificial foramen?

Back 15

Because a true foramen is a hole through one bone, while the intervertebral hole is formed by 2 vertebra

Front 16

What is ALL and where is it located?

Back 16

Anterior longitudinal ligament; runs from the sacrum to the base of the skull. It prevents hyperextension of the vertebral column

Front 17

What is PLL and where is it located?

Back 17

Posterior longitudinal ligament; runs within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies, attaches to the base of the skull (this articulation is known as the tectorial membrane)

Front 18

What does the PLL do?

Back 18

Inhibits hyperflexion of the spine and disc herniation

Front 19

What ligament is located on the underside of the lamina?

Back 19

Ligamentum flavum

Front 20

What does the ligamentum flavum do and become?

Back 20

It helps restore hyperextended and hyperflexed spinal columns to the neutral position. It becomes the posterior atlanta-occipital membrane

Front 21

What membrane does the vertebral artery pass through?

Back 21

The posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Front 22

What is the name of the synovial, plane joints that occur between the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebrae?

Back 22

Zygapophysial joints

Front 23

What innervates the zygapopphysial joints?

Back 23

Articular branches that arise from the medial branches of the posterior rami of spinal nerves

Front 24

Where does the nuchal ligament attach?

Back 24

The external occipital protuberance and posterior border of the foramen magnum to the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae

Front 25

How much of our height do the intervertebral discs account for?

Back 25

one fourth

Front 26

what are the 2 portions of the intervertebral discs?

Back 26

the outer annulus fibrosis (cartilaginous) and the nucleus pulposus

Front 27

what is the name of the elaborate venous system that drains the spinal cord? what's special about it?

Back 27

Batson's plexus, it's valve-less

Front 28

what's the arterial blood supply to the posterior vertebral column?

Back 28

aorta and vertebral artery

Front 29

what muscle is known as the swimmer's muscle and what are it's functins?

Back 29

latissimus dorsi, adduction, internal rotation, and extension

Front 30

what does the serratus posterior inferior attach to and function in?

Back 30

the ribs and breathing

Front 31

what is the trianlge of petit bordered by?

Back 31

latissimus dorsi, the iliac crest, and the external abdominal oblique muscles

Front 32

what is the triangle of auscultation bordered by?

Back 32

the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, and scapula or rhomboid muscles

Front 33

what 3 muscles border the suboccipital triangle?

Back 33

superior posterior oblique, inferior posterior oblique, and rectus capitus major

Front 34

what are the functions of the superior and inferior oblique muscles?

Back 34

lateral rotation of the atlas on the axis

Front 35

what are the functions of the superior major and minor rectus capitus muscles?

Back 35

extension posteriorly of the neck and head

Front 36

what is the nerve that emerges through the suboccipital triangle?

Back 36

the suboccipital nerve

Front 37

the suboccipital nerve is made up of?

Back 37

the dorsal ramus of C1, which only has a motor component, not a sensory component (therefore it doesn't have a dorsal root ganglion)

Front 38

what nerve emerges below the inferior oblique and passes superiorly through the suboccipital triangle onto the base of the skull?

Back 38

the greater occipital nerve

Front 39

what innervates the muscles of the suboccipital triangle?

Back 39

the lesser occipital nerve from C3 and C2

Front 40

what are the divisions of the iliocostalis?

Back 40

lumborum, thoracis, and cervicis

Front 41

what are the divisions of the longissimus?

Back 41

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

Front 42

what are the divisions of the spinalis?

Back 42

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

Front 43

what innervates the erector spinae muscles?

Back 43

the dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Front 44

what is the arterial supply for the erector spinae muscles?

Back 44

the posterior intercostal arter, which is a branch of the intercostals which are segmental arteries coming off the descending aorta

Front 45

what is the name of the deepest muscles of the back, and where do they generally run to/from?

Back 45

the transversospinalis - they run from the transverse processes to the spine

Front 46

what are the muscles of the transversospinalis group?

Back 46

the semispinalis, the rotatores, and the multifidous

Front 47

what are the divisions of the semispinalis?

Back 47

capitis, cervicis, and thoracis

Front 48

where does the splenius capitus insert?

Back 48

the occipital bone inferior to the superious nuchal line

Front 49

where do the rotatores attach?

Back 49

from the transverse processes to the spines

Front 50

where do the multifidi attach?

Back 50

between 2 individual vertebrae