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387 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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1st line tx for a fib is …
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Digoxin
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how does digoxin help in a fib?
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decreases conduction through AV node
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treatment for C. difficile
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metronidazole
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why doesn't gentamicin work for C. diff?
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genatmicin = aminoglycoside that only works for gram (-) infections
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most common cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia
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heparin
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anticoagulant associated with development of ProC deficiency
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warfarin
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kernicterus can result when pregnant women are given ___ in the third trimester
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TMP-sulfa
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associated with "gray baby syndrome" when given to pregnant women
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chloramphenicol
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topical ointment often used in the prophylaxis of infections in burn patients
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silver sulfadiazine cream
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appropriate pharmacologic tx for DIC
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heparin
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antidote for acetaminophen OD
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acetylcysteine
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chelating agent used to treat OD with copper, lead, gold, and other metals
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penacillamine
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given to people who OD on heparin
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protamine
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acetylcholinesterase reactivator used in organophosphate poisoning
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pralidoxime
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antiarrythmic which can cause drug-induced lupus
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procainamide
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other drugs that can cause drug-induced lupus
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hydralazine, quinine, INH, methyldopa
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drug that causes release of factor VIII from storage sites
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desmopressin
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drug that specifically inhibits the translocation in CML
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imanitib mesylate (Gleevac)
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neurotransmitter affected by sertraline
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serotonin (SSRI)
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type of antibiotic likely to exacerbate MG
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aminoglycosides (risk for neuromuscular blockade)
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drug used to diagnose MG
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edrophonium
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most appropriate treatment of Klebsiella pneumonia
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cefotaxime IV
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most appropriate treatment of Legionella pneumonia
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erythromycin IV
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drugs that potentiate the effects of warfarin
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quinolones, erythromycin, sulfas, and metronidazole
(Qween UP WAR MES!) Clean up your mess. |
None
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mucolytic used in the treatment of CF
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N-acetylcysteine
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tricyclic antidepressant which may cause hyperprolactinemia
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nortriptyline
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anti-Parkinson's drug that affects dopamine
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selegiline
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mechanism of selegiline
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MAO-B inhibitor (slows metabolism of dopa)
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β blocker which does NOT exacerbate asthma (3)
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atenolol, metoprolol, esmolol
(MEeT ES AT the Back) |
None
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two main Abx used for anaerobes
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metronidazole and clindamycin
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streptokinase binds to …
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plasminogen
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mechanism of cocaine
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blocks reuptake of NE
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two drugs that increase the activity of lipoprotein lipase
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gemfibrozil and clofibrate
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two drugs that act as bile acid sequestrants
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cholestyramine and colestipol
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aminocaproic acid is indicated for …
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control of bleeding by hyperfibrinolysis, and prophylaxis in hemophiliacs undergoing a surgical procedure
(Puts an amine CAP on bleeding) |
None
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what causes hemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals?
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oxidative stress (low NADPH means glutathione cannot scavenge free radicals)
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1st-line rx for panic disorder
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SSRI
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reserved for refractory cases of schizophrenia due to risk of agranylocytosis
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clozapine
(A GRANY uses clothes pins) |
None
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inappropriate laughter, scleral injection, tachycardia, and paranoia are typical of a person using what illicit substance?
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cannabis
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1st-line rx for DVT
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IV heparin
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1st-line rx for hypothyroidism
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levothyroxine
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contraindication for levothyroxine use
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CAD (enhances β-adrenergic effects; may precipitate MI)
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toxicities of methotrexate
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liver, renal, BM
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after CLL chemotherapy, patients are at risk for what type of kidney stones?
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uric acid
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alcoholics have (increased/decreased) levels of theophylline
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decreased (EtOH induces P450)
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name the K+ sparing diuretics
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spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride
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drug class of salsalate
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NSAID (salicylate)
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effect of ammonium chloride on the urine
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acidifies
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interaction of ammonium chloride and salicylates
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salicylate toxicity (amm chloride inhibits excretion)
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mechanism of flutamide
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comp antagonist at androgen receptors
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mechanism of finasteride
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5α reductase inhibitor
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Class I antiarrhythmics block ___
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sodium channels
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Name some class I antiarrhythmics
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quinidine (A), amiodarone (A, III), procainamide (A), lidocaine (B), flecainide ©
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Class II antiarrhythmics block ___
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beta-adrenergic receptors
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Class III antiarrhythmics block ____
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potassium channels
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Name some class III antiarrhythmics
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sotalol (also β), amiodarone, bretylium
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Class IV antiarrhythmics block ___
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calcium channels
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Name some class IV antiarrhythmics
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verapamil, diltiazam
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mechanism of metoclopromide
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antagonist at D receptors
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use of metoclopromide
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prokinetic agent used in GERD and diabetic gastroparesis
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contraindication for metoclopromide (2)
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bowel obstruction, Parkinson's
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necrosis of the skin can be a toxicity of what anticoagulant?
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warfarin
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drug given for acute gouty attacks
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colchicine
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xanthine oxidase inhibitor used in gout
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allpurinol
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increases the excretion of uric acid (2)
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probenacid, sulfinpyrazone
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define REM rebound
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some drugs steal REM; when removed, body has more REM, including vivid dreams
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drugs that cause REM rebound when withdrawn
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barbiturates, EtOH, MAOI, phenothiazines
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mechanism of caffeine
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inhibition of phosphodiesterase (prevent cAMP degradation)
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can lead to what acid-base disturbance?
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metabolic acidosis
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close a PDA with …
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indomethacin
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class of drugs that must be given to a patient in a fib and WHY
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anticoagulants; because the flow in the atrium is nonlaminar and predisposes to mural clots
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inhaled corticosteroids are associated with ___ in asthmatic patients (microbial infxn)
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candidiasis
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these cardiac drugs "mask" the initial sx of hypoglycemia and are thus contraindicated in diabetics
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β blockers
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analgesic of choice for acute cholecystitis and WHY
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meperidine; least likely to cause spasm of sphincter of Oddi
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initial drug of choice for acute status epilepticus
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diazepam
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indications for carbamazepine
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prophylaxis and treatment of tonic-clonic, focal, and complex partial seizures
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drug of choice for absence seizures
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ethosuximide
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NSAID that is contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergy
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celecoxib
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location of action of spironolactone
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collecting tubule
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Name some drugs associated with the development of SIADH
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tricyclics, carbamazepine, SSRI, MAOI, neuroleptics, antineoplastics
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post-MI drugs that cause dry cough
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ACE-I (captopril, enalapril)
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two β1-selective antagonists
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metoprolol and atenolol
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mechanism of propythiouracil
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inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 (aka inhibit deiodination of thyroxine)
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general class of 5HT3 antagonists
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the -setrons
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use for the -setrons
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antiemetics
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indications for dimenhydrinate
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motion sickness (Dramamine ©)
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what is dronabinol?
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active substance in marijuana
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type of leukemia for which chlorambucil is used
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CLL
C hl L orambuci L |
None
|
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the "better drug" than tamoxifen
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raloxifene
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mechanism of amphetamines
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induce release of dopa and NE
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side effects associated with steroid use
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hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, fluid retention, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia
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indication for bethanechol
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urinary retention (as in BPH)
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oxybutynin is indicated in …
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urinary incontinence and urgency
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α1 agonist indicated for both BPH and HTN
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terazosin
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1st drug of choice for community-acquired S. pneumo pneumonia
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Pen G
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lactic acidosis is the most severe complication of this diabetes drug
|
metformin
Foreign Met's have lactic acid |
None
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what is the effect of cimetidine on hepatic enzymes?
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inhibits them
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what is the effect of cimetidine on phenobarbital levels?
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increases them (inhibits metabolism)
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do proton-pump inhibitors affect hepatic enzymes?
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no
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in a patient with ulcers and RA, use …
|
COX-2 inhibitors
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what neurotransmitter system do benzodiazepines affect?
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GABA
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drug to treat T. cruzi
|
Nifurtimox
Nice Fur Tom Cruise |
None
|
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what drug is used for immediate lowering of intracranial pressure?
|
high-potency steroid (dexamethasone, prednisolone)
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mechanism of action of amiodarone
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potassium-channel blocker (also Class IA)
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big toxicity of amiodarone
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pulmonary disease
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mechanism of action of warfarin
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inhibit synthesis of clotting factors (2, 7, 9, 10)
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high doses of ____ will reduce morbidity and mortality in measles infxn
|
vitamin A
Me A sles |
None
|
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children <3 mo of age who have come into contact with measles should get…
|
immune globulin
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the best diuretic class for patients with CrCl of 10 mL/min
|
loops (furosemide) (other categories only work down to a CrCl of 40)
|
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common acid-base disorder as a result of overuse of diuretics
|
metabolic alkalosis (increased Na and K excretion)
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use for doxepin
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tricyclic antidepressant
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common side effects of doxepin
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tachycardia, xerostomia (dry mouth)
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name some ACEI
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captopril, enalapril
|
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mechanism of erythromycin
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inhibits translocation
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mechanism of streptomycin
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misreading during protein synthesis
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mechanism of cyclohexamide
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inhibits peptidyl transferase (eukaryotes)
|
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mechanism of chloramphenicol
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inhibits peptidyl transferase (prokaryotes)
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drugs that increase peripheral insulin senstivity
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glitazones
|
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rx for aspirin OD
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alkalinize the urine with sodium bicarb
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mechanism of chlorpropamide
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sulfonylurea which causes release of insulin from pancreas (closes K channels)
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Name the two α glycosidase inhibitors
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ascarbose, miglitol
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effect of cimetidine on hepatic enzymes
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inhibits them
|
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1st line tx for fibromyalgia
|
antidepressants (usually amitriptyline)
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antidepressant contraindicated in anorectics/bulemics because of risk of seizures
|
buproprion
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only antidepressant used in bulimia
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fluoxetine
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first-generation cephalosporins are useful in killing which bugs?
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Proteus, E. Coli, and Klebsiella (PEcK)
|
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this drug is useful in helping the kidneys to excrete amphetamines
|
ammonium chloride (acidify urine)
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syndrome of muscle rigidity, hyperpyrexia, CNS alterations, and heart alterations
|
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (caused by antipsychotics and amoxipine)
|
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side effects of fluoxetine
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insomnia, sexual dysfunction, anxiety
|
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side effects of diazepam
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dizziness, somnolence, and drowsiness
|
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epinephrine will decrease BP if what class of drug is coadministered?
|
alpha-antagonists (phentolamine)
|
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dietary drug that should be given with INH
|
Vit B6 (pyridoxine)
|
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class of diabetic drugs that is contraindicated in patients with sulfa allergies
|
sulfonylureas (tolbutamide, glipizide, glyburide, chlorpropamide)
|
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what is the effect of glucocorticoids on osteoclasts and osteoblasts?
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↑ osteoclast activity, ↓ osteoblast activity (net bone loss)
|
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mechanism of trihexyphenidyl
|
muscarinic antagonist
|
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indication for trihexyphenidyl
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Parkinson's
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define efficacy
|
maximum effect that can be obtained from a drug (regardless of dose)
|
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drugs implicated in the development of acute interstitial nephritis
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NSAIDs, β lactams, sulfa drugs, diuretics, cimetidine, phenytoin, methyldopa
|
|
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drugs implicated in hemolysis of G6PD-deficient pts
|
primaquine, sulfas, dapsone, quinine
|
|
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1st line tx in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
|
β blockers
|
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hyperkalemia is a potential effect of what anesthetic?
|
succinylcholine (depolarizing)
|
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2 treatments for OCD
|
clomipramine, SSRIs
|
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sx of EtOH withdrawl
|
tremor, n/v, high BP, hallucinations, sweating
|
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sx of cocaine abuse
|
tremor, n/v, high BP, hallucinations, sweating
|
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prophylactic agent used to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis caused by nitrogen mustard agents (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide)
|
Mesna
|
|
|
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prevents potential side effects of methotrexate
|
leucovorin
|
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overdose of atenolol can cause what EKG finding?
|
heart block
|
|
|
|
drugs (2) used to treat H. pylori-induced gastric ulcer
|
PPI + Abx
|
|
|
|
indication for cyclobenzaprine
|
muscle relaxant (structurally related to tricyclic antidepressants)
|
|
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way to remember the amide anesthetics
|
they have two "I"s in their names (lidocaine, prilocaine, etidocaine)
|
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way to remember the ester anesthetics
|
they do not have two "I"s in their names
|
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main side effect of tPA
|
hemorrhage
|
|
|
|
1st order kinetics means that the drug kills a constant (#/proportion) of bugs
|
proportion
|
|
|
|
the effectiveness of diuretics depend on ____ (laboratory value)
|
creatinine clearance
|
|
|
|
which diuretics work best in a patient with very low creatinine clearance?
|
loop (furosemide)
|
|
|
|
the antidepressant that can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome
|
amoxipine
|
|
|
|
this antiarrythmic can cause v fib in patients with Wolfe-Parkinson-White
|
digoxin
|
|
|
|
β1-selective antagonists
|
BEAM: metoprolol, esmolol, and atenolol, Betaxolol
|
None
|
|
|
Name 4 sulfonylurea diabetic drugs
|
glipizide, glyburide, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide
|
|
|
|
Why are β-blockers contraindicated in diabetics?
|
blunt premonitory sx of hypoglycemia
|
|
|
|
silver sulfa cream is indicated for …
|
severe burns
|
|
|
|
betamethasone cream is indicated for …
|
inflammatory conditions of the skin (e.g. psoriasis)
|
|
|
|
erythromycin topical cream is indicated for …
|
acne
|
|
|
|
metronidazole cream is indicated for …
|
acne rosacea
|
|
|
|
analgesic used in acute cholecystitis
|
meperidine
|
|
|
|
depolarizing skeletal muscle agent used in anesthesia
|
succinylcholine
|
|
|
|
preferentially inhibits MAO-B
|
selegiline
|
|
|
|
antimuscarinic that improves the muscular rigidity & tremor of Parkinson's
|
benztropine
|
|
|
|
dopamine receptor antagonists used in Parkinson's (2)
|
bromocriptine, pergolide
|
|
|
|
the active metaboits of 5-FU mimics the action of which nucleotides?
|
uracil (RNA) and thymine (DNA)
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of bethanechol
|
muscarinic agonist
|
|
|
|
mechanism of bumetanide
|
loop diuretic (inhibits Na-K-Cl transporter in thick ascending limb)
|
|
|
|
mechanism of neostigmine
|
inhibits acetylcholinesterase (muscarinic agonist)
|
|
|
|
indicated for the rx of both BPH and HTN
|
terazosin
|
|
|
|
mechanism of guanfacine and indication
|
centrally-acting α2 agonist (for HTN)
|
|
|
|
acute control of a fib is achieved with …
|
digoxin
|
|
|
|
cyclobenzapine is structurally related to …
|
tricyclic antidepressant
|
|
|
|
tricyclic antidepressant with strong anticholinergic properties
|
amitriptyline
|
|
|
|
mechanism of citalopram
|
SSRI
|
|
|
|
LEAST sedating anti-seizure medication
|
valproic acid
|
|
|
|
treatment for salicylate poisoning
|
acidifcation of urine (e.g. ammonium chloride)
|
|
|
|
β blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (2)
|
acebutolol, pindolol
|
|
|
|
inhibitory amino acid receptors (2)
|
GABA and glycine
|
|
|
|
antidepressants that may cause amenorrhea and galactorrhea
|
tricyclics (due to increased prolactin)
|
|
|
|
1st line rx for severe, refractory Crohn's
|
corticosteroids (e.g. prednisone)
|
|
|
|
uric acid kidney stones are associated with what rx?
|
chemotherapy
|
|
|
|
uric acid kidney stones are associated with what sytemic dz?
|
gout
|
|
|
|
centrally-acting skeletal muscle depressant structurally related to tricyclic antidepressants
|
cyclobenzaprine
|
|
|
|
baclofen is indicated for …
|
rx of spasticity of MS or spinal cord injuries
|
|
|
|
reinforcement properties of illicit drugs are most likely associated with what neurotransmitter?
|
dopamine
|
|
|
|
hemorrhagic cystitis can be prevented in patients taking cyclophosphamide by administration of what drug?
|
mesna
|
|
|
|
antidote for cyanide poisoning
|
sodium thiosulfate
|
|
|
|
mechanism of N-acetycystine
|
mucolytic (splits disulfide linkages between mucoproteins)
|
|
|
|
CHF can be caused by what chemotherapeutic drug?
|
doxorubicin (adriamycin)
|
|
|
|
abx associated with kernicterus in an infant when taken during 3rd trimester
|
sulfa drugs
|
|
|
|
anticoagulant that can cause skin necrosis
|
warfarin
|
|
|
|
acute management of RA is usually …
|
COX-2 inhibitors
|
|
|
|
mechanism of sumatriptan
|
serotonin 1D agonist
|
|
|
|
the two active metabolites of primidone
|
phenobarbital, PEMA
|
|
|
|
drug of choice for HTN in a pregnant woman
|
methyldopa (α2 agonist)
|
|
|
|
drugs proven to delay progression of CHF
|
ACE inhibitors
|
|
|
|
which tetracycline is best to use in a patient with renal disease?
|
doxycycline
|
|
|
|
three Class IB antiarrhythmics
|
procainamide, mexiletine, tocainide
|
|
|
|
three Class IA antiarrythmics
|
quinidine, disopyramide, amiodarone, procainamide
|
|
|
|
rx for methotrexate OD
|
alkalinize the urine with sodium bicarb
|
|
|
|
mechanism of benztropine
|
anticholinergic (used in Parkinson's)
|
|
|
|
side effects of benztropine
|
decreased salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, and GI motility (anti-SLUDG)
|
|
|
|
where in a liver cell is the P450 system located?
|
smooth ER
|
|
|
|
antihypertensives indicated in ADPKD
|
ACE inhibitors (b/c renin is high in ADPKD)
|
|
|
|
nonsedating anti-seizure medication
|
valproic acid
|
|
|
|
primary side effect of niacin
|
facial flushing
|
|
|
|
β blocker known to cause dyslipidemia
|
metoprolol
|
|
|
|
anti-migraine medication that can cause hypertensive crisis
|
sumatriptan
|
|
|
|
primary side effect of ergotamine
|
n/v
|
|
|
|
how does one differentiate between stimulant OD and anticholinergic OD?
|
look at the skin - sweaty with stimulants and dry with anticholinergics
|
|
|
|
mechanism of the statins
|
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
|
|
|
|
mechanism of the tricyclic antidepressants
|
inhibit uptake of NE and serotonin
|
|
|
|
rx for serum sickness
|
prednisone and diphenhydramine
|
|
|
|
name the drug(s): ↓SA node automaticity, ↑AV node refractoriness, ↓AV node conduction velcoity
|
propanolol (Class II antiarrhythmics)
|
|
|
|
acute rx for closed-angle glaucoma
|
lower IOP with acetazolamide or mannitol
|
|
|
|
rx for open-angle glaucoma
|
β blockers
|
|
|
|
which class of antiarrhythmics can be used for immediate control of a fib and flutter?
|
Class IV (especially verapamil)
|
|
|
|
how long does amiodarone take to show an effect?
|
weeks (i.e. DO NOT USE for acute rx!!)
|
|
|
|
exacerbations of narrow-angle glaucoma can be precipitated by what class of drug?
|
anticholinergics
|
|
|
|
how do anti-myasthenia gravis drugs typically work?
|
anticholinesterases (carbamylate the cholinesterase reversibly)
|
|
|
|
mechanism of edrophonium
|
comp inhibitor (short-acting) of cholinesterase
|
|
|
|
which type of receptor (β1, α2, etc.) would be expected to maximally increase the intracellular concentration of calcium?
|
α1 (it works by PLC, not adenylyl cyclase)
|
|
|
|
to what class does indipamide belong?
|
thiazide diuretic
|
|
|
|
what is the effect of thiazides on Ca excretion?
|
less excretion (thus can help prevent osteoporosis)
|
|
|
|
the drugs that artifically prolong the patency of the ductus arteriosis
|
PGs
|
|
|
|
associated with p-ANCA
|
polyarteritis nodosa
|
|
|
|
viral infection associated with polyarteritis nodosa
|
Hep B
|
|
|
|
type of diuretic which places the patient at risk for gout
|
thiazides
|
|
|
|
NO stimulates ____ to induce vascular changes
|
guanylate cyclase
|
|
|
|
anovulatory cycles cause what changes in the endometrium?
|
proliferative changes due to unopposed estrogen stimulation (get dysfunctional bleeding)
|
|
|
|
best drug to treat both HTN and BPH
|
α antagonist
|
|
|
|
sucralfate CANNOT be given with what other classes of drug?
|
antacids or H2 blockers
|
|
|
|
opioid agonist without abuse liability, constipating SE, resp depression, or analgesia
|
dextromethorphan
|
|
|
|
Ca channel blocker used to treat both angina and HTN
|
verapamil
|
|
|
|
side effects of verapamil
|
signs and sx of CHF (a small percentage of patients actually develop CHF)
|
|
|
|
what is the rx for an amphetamide OD?
|
acidify the urine with ammonium chloride
|
|
|
|
what is the rx for phenobarbital OD?
|
alkalinize the urine with sodium bicarb
|
|
|
|
rx for TIA
|
aspirin
|
|
|
|
drugs given to mitigate the effects of CNS stimulants
|
diazepam, antipsychotics, β blockers
|
|
|
|
CHF drug that afftects BOTH preload and afterload
|
ACEI
|
|
|
|
abrupt discontinuation of glucocorticoids causes …
|
hypotension, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, decreased ACTH, low cortisol
|
|
|
|
serious side effect of misoprostol
|
induced abortion
|
|
|
|
noncompetitive antagonist's effect on efficacy and potency
|
potency unchanged, decreased efficacy
|
|
|
|
competitive antagonist's effect on efficacy and potency
|
decreased potency, unchanged efficacy
|
|
|
|
β blocker that antagonizes the vascular and cardiac effects of NE
|
labetolol (β1 = β2 antagonist, α1 antagonist)
|
|
|
|
formication is typical of what illicit drug use?
|
Stimulants (e.g. amphetamine)
|
|
|
|
mechanism of cromolyn sodium
|
inhibits the degranulation of mast cells in asthmatics
|
|
|
|
drugs of choice for acute gout
|
colchicine and NSAIDs (which take longer for symptomatic relief)
|
|
|
|
opioid agonist used to induce emesis
|
apomorphine
|
|
|
|
histamine blocker without sedating properties
|
fexofenadine
|
|
|
|
nitroprusside causes dilation of (arterioles/venules/both)
|
both
|
|
|
|
side effects of nitroprusside
|
cyanide toxicity, hypotension
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of leuprolide
|
GnRH analog
|
|
|
|
mechanism of finasteride
|
5α reductase inhibitor
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of flutamide
|
antagonist at androgen receptors
|
|
|
|
mechanisms of action of gemfibrozil and clofibrate
|
activate lipoprotein lipase
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of cholestyramine
|
bind bile acids in the intestine
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of ticlopidine
|
prevents fibrinogen from binding to platelets
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of dipyridamole
|
phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks the reuptake of adenosine
|
|
|
|
muscarinic antagonist that produces mydriasis and prevents accomodation
|
scopolamine
|
|
|
|
stimulation of which receptors causes bladder emptying (detrusor contraction)?
|
cholinergic parasympathetics
|
|
|
|
effect of isoproterenol on the heart
|
tachycardia
|
|
|
|
anticancer agent that causes minimal myelosuppression
|
vincristine
|
|
|
|
Level 5 emetogenic drugs given for cancer chemo
|
Dacarbazine, Cyclophosphamide, Cisplatin, Carmustine
|
|
|
|
anti-seizure med associated with thrombocytopenia
|
valproate
|
|
|
|
what's the second messanger associated with alpha-1 receptors?
|
PIP2 > DAG + IP3 > pro kin C + increased Ca
|
|
|
|
what is the second messanger associated with beta receptors?
|
inc adenylate cyclase > cAMP > pro kin C
|
|
|
|
how does the second messanger system of alpha-2 receptors differ from that associated with beta receptors?
|
both use adenylate cyclase; alpha is inhibitory, beta is stimulatory
|
|
|
|
D2 receptors have a second messanger system similar to what other receptor?
|
alpha2 (inhibit adenylate cyclase)
|
|
|
|
what is ergocalciferol?
|
synthetic Vitamin D (for lack of PTH)
|
|
|
|
antibacterial agent which will be not absorbed if taken with antacids
|
tetracycline
|
|
|
|
neurotransmitter used at the NMJ
|
Ach
|
|
|
|
are charged or uncharged drugs more readily taken up?
|
uncharged
|
|
|
|
illicit drug that causes nystagmus
|
PCP
|
|
|
|
illicit drug that causes perceptual changes, but not behavioral changes
|
LSD
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of losartan
|
competitively inhibits angiotensin II
|
|
|
|
used in the rx of HTN in diabetic patients
|
ACEI
|
|
|
|
the effect of enalapril on sodium & potassium balance
|
hyperkalemia and mild hyponatremia
|
|
|
|
drug of choice for pneumococcal pneumonia
|
Penicillin
|
|
|
|
two drugs used in pneumococcal pneumonia in patients with sulfa allergies
|
erythromycin or vancomycin
|
|
|
|
recessed, darkened rings w/o enamel on new teeth can be caused by excess of what mineral?
|
flouride
|
|
|
|
what class of antidepressants cause delayed ejaculation?
|
SSRI
|
|
|
|
cancer antimetabolites act during which phase of the cell cycle?
|
S (synthesis) phase
|
|
|
|
lab studies in a patient given T3 supplementation
|
low TSH, high T3, low T4 (b/c T3 not peripherally converted to T4)
|
|
|
|
Ca channel blocker that is associated with acceleration of CHF in some patients
|
verapamil
|
|
|
|
is verapamil a - or + inotrope?
|
-
|
|
|
|
which antidepressant can cause spontaneous priapism?
|
trazodone
|
|
|
|
the bug that causes granuloma formation in utero
|
Listeria
|
|
|
|
leukocytoclastic angiitis is also known as …
|
hypersensitivity angiitis
|
|
|
|
leukocytoclastic angiitis has been linked to the use of what drug?
|
penicillin
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of methoxamine
|
alpha-1 agonist
|
|
|
|
side effects of methotrexate
|
BM suppression, pulm toxicity, renal toxicity
|
|
|
|
significant side effect of vinblastine
|
BM suppression, hemmorrhagic colitis
|
|
|
|
significant side effect of vincristine
|
neurotoxicity
|
|
|
|
most common cause of drug-induced hypothyroidism
|
lithium carbonate
|
|
|
|
lente insulins have best effect between __ and __ hours
|
10 and 16
|
|
|
|
insulin preparations with long (i.e. 16-24 hours) duration of action
|
ultralente or protamine zinc
|
|
|
|
peak effect of regular insulin
|
4 hours
|
|
|
|
what other insulin preparation has a peak effect similar to regular insulin?
|
semilente
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of carvedilol
|
like labetolol - beta and alpha-1 antagonist with longer half-life
|
|
|
|
ACEI are contraindicated in what type of hypertension?
|
renovascular
|
|
|
|
local anesthetics block ___ channels while (charged/uncharged) (inside/outside) the cell
|
Na channels when charged inside the cell
|
|
|
|
livedo reticularis is a common side effect of what anti-Parkinson's drug?
|
amantidine
|
|
|
|
sx of livedo reticularis
|
purplish-red mottling of the LE which intensifies with standing
|
|
|
|
cardioprotective agent used to protect pt against doxorubicin
|
dexrazoxane
|
|
|
|
clozapine's advantage over the typical antipsychotics
|
fewer EPS and good for (-) sx
|
|
|
|
NSAID with the greatest renal toxicity
|
indomethacin
|
|
|
|
synthetic PG used to prevent NSAID-induced ulcers
|
misprostol
|
|
|
|
appropriate initial therapy for septic shock
|
dopamine
|
|
|
|
mechanism of dobutamine
|
alpha-1 and beta-1 agonist
|
|
|
|
treat pinworm with …
|
mebendazole
|
|
|
|
orally active lead chelator
|
succimer
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of glycopyrrolate
|
anticholinergic (like atropine)
|
|
|
|
preferred class of drug for panic disorder
|
benzodiazepine
|
|
|
|
antidepressant used in OCD
|
clomipramine, SSRIs
|
|
|
|
Rx for pyelo in patients allergic to sulfa
|
aminoglycosides
|
|
|
|
cephalosporins have cross-allergenicity with …
|
penicillins
|
|
|
|
buspirone is most often used for …
|
generalized anxiety disorder
|
|
|
|
why isn't buspirone used for stage fright or performance anxiety?
|
it takes a long time to take effect
|
|
|
|
increased zinc protophoryin indicates poisoning with …
|
lead
|
|
|
|
the effect of aspirin on warfarin
|
displaces warfarin; makes warfarin more potent
|
|
|
|
drugs that often lead to orthostatic hypotension
|
alpha-1 blockers
|
|
|
|
nitroprusside works due to what second messanger?
|
NO, which increases cGMP to relax smooth muscle
|
|
|
|
Is it often or rare that tetracycline resistance accompanies methicillin resistance in S. aureus?
|
often (>75%)
|
|
|
|
what do we use for methicillin- and tetracycline-resistant S. aureus?
|
use vancomycin
|
|
|
|
chemotherapeutic agent associated with peripheral neuropathy
|
vincristine
|
|
|
|
antibiotic which will NOT be absorbed in the presence of antacids
|
tetracycline
|
|
|
|
overuse of a thiazide diuretic will induce a ____ in aldosterone
|
increase
|
|
|
|
effect of physostigmine on the eye
|
accomodation and niosis
|
|
|
|
when acyclovir fails, try …
|
foscarnet
|
|
|
|
one major side effect of IM fluphenazine is …
|
severe orthostatic hypotension
|
|
|
|
hyperprolactinemia can be reduced with …
|
bromocriptine
|
|
|
|
treatment for methemoglobinemia
|
methylene blue
|
|
|
|
best agent for lowering intracranial pressure
|
mannitol
|
|
|
|
histologic feature of measles infection
|
syncytia formation
|
|
|
|
treatment for PCP
|
SMX-TMP
|
|
|
|
increased amounts of sER indicate that the patient has been taking …
|
a drug that induces P450
|
|
|
|
mechanism of tolbutamide
|
blocks ATP-sensitive K channels, leading to the release of insulin
|
|
|
|
pharacologic treatment for enuresis
|
imipramine
|
|
|
|
maintaining the patency of a ductus arteriosis is done with …
|
misoprostol
|
|
|
|
schedule of cortisol replacement
|
20 mg in am and 10 mg in pm
|
|
|
|
mechanism of finasteride
|
5-alpha reductase inhibitor
|
|
|
|
skeletal mm relaxant associated with decreases in BP
|
tubocurarine
|
|
|
|
mm rigidity, diaphoresis, hyperpyrexia, and altered mental status are typical of what reaction caused by antipsychotics?
|
neuroleptic malignant syndrome (caused by antipsychotics and amoxipine)
|
|
|
|
common side effects of erythromycin
|
Gi discomfort
|
|
|
|
which adrenergic receptor best stimulates protein kinase A?
|
beta-1
|
|
|
|
which beta blocker has weak adrenergic agonist activity?
|
pindolol
|
|
|
|
the most effective adrenergic drugs for increases intracellular Ca are …
|
alpha-1 agonists
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of tyramine
|
releases catecholamines
|
|
|
|
acute mastitis is treated with …
|
dicloxacillin
|
|
|
|
strep pneumo is treated with …
|
Pen G
|
|
|
|
treat C diff with …
|
metro, vanc
|
|
|
|
the diuretic class that inhibits Cl transport in the loop of henle
|
loop diuretic (inhibits Na-K-Cl transporter in thick ascending limb)
|
|
|
|
what type of drug would enhance the reflex change in HR produced by IV norepi?
|
cholinergics, e.g. neostigmine
|
|
|
|
the mechanism of contraceptive effect in testosterone is …
|
inhibition of LH release from the pituitary
|
|
|
|
drug of choice for trichuriasis
|
mebendazole
|
|
|
|
drug of choice for OCD
|
clomipramine, SSRIs
|
|
|
|
long-term use of broad-spectrum Abx can cause a deficiency in what vitamin?
|
vitamin K
|
|
|
|
what cell produces NO?
|
capillary endothelium
|
|
|
|
why is PenG ineffective against most gram (+) organisms?
|
outer cell membrane acts as a sieve to keep out large molecules like Pen G
|
|
|
|
non-pharmacologic tx for patient with stress incontinence
|
strengthen the urogenital diaphragm
|
|
|
|
mechanism of action of belladonna alkaloids
|
muscarinic antagonists
|
|
|
|
what is cycloplegia?
|
paralysis of the ciliary mm (accomodation affected)
|
|
|
|
the radial mm is innervated by …
|
alpha-1 adrenergics
|
|
|
|
the ciliary mm is innervated by …
|
muscarinics
|
|
|
|
role of the radial mm
|
changes pupil size
|
|
|
|
expected effect of phenylephrine on accomodation and pupil size
|
no affect on accomodation (ciliary mm = muscarinics); mydriasis
|
|
|
|
the tx for neostigmine overdose is …
|
atropine (pralidoxime won't work because neostigmine irreversibly carbamoylates)
|
|
|
|
effect of dig on intracellular Na and K levels
|
Na increases; K decreases
|
|
|
|
main virulence factor of group B strep
|
capsule to prevent phagocytosis
|
|
|
|
how does one eradicate spores?
|
autoclaving (wet heat for 15 minutes)
|
|
|
|
effect of TMP-SMX on warfarin
|
displaces warfarin; makes warfarin more potent
|
|
|
|
most rational drug regimen for fast metabolizers
|
normal loading dose, increased maintenance dose
|
|
|
|
10% of patients taking ___ show increased CK and myalgias after exercise
|
statins
|
|
|
|
how to distinguish propanolol, nadolol, and pindolol
|
YOU CAN'T! They are all the same.
|
|
|
|
used to prevent bone loss in a 30 yo woman with recent oophorectomy/hysterectomy
|
estrogens (oral Ca not as effective)
|
|
|
|
drug of choice for iron poisoning
|
deferoxamine
|
|
|
|
EtOH use increases the serum concentration of what lipoprotein?
|
HDL (this is why it is cardioprotective)
|
|
|
|
diuretics often trigger what acid-base abnormality?
|
metabolic alkalosis (with low K and high HCO3)
|
|
|
|
the appropriate therapeutic interventions for a patient who stepped on a nail but who has not had a tetanus shot in over 10 years
|
both toxoid (booster) and antitoxin
|
|
|
|
the intervention for a patient who stepped on a nail who has current tetanus shots
|
booster toxoid shot
|
|
|
|
treatment for AIDS patient (taking RT inhibitors and protease inhibitors) with anemia
|
EPO
|
|
