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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Agitators
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Representatives elected in 1647 to press the grievances of soldiers in the New Model regiments.
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Anglican
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Of the Church of England or Church of Ireland. both churches were headed by the monarch and governed by bishops, they both followed the services specified in the Book of Common Prayer and theology set out in the Thirty-Nine Articles.
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Apostolic succession
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Belief that bishops were the direct spiritual descendants of Christ's apostles, through the ceremony of the laying on of hands.
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Arminian
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Supporter of the beliefs published by Jacob Arminius that grace (salvation) could be earner; beliefs favoured by those who rejected the doctrine of predestination.
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Assesment
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Weekly tax.
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Cannons
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Regulations governing the Church of England and the Church of Ireland.
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Church of England
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Protestant church founded as a consequence of Henry VIII's breach with the papacy in the 1530s. Its secular head was the monarch, its ecclesiastical head was the archbishop of Canterbury and it was administered by bishops. Until 1689, attendances at its services was enforced by law.
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Church of Ireland
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Protestant church founded in 1540 after Henry VIII's breach with the papacy in the 1530s. Its secular head was the monarch, its ecclesiastical head was the archbishop of Armagh and it was administered by bishops. Doctrinally similar to the Church of England, but not identical.
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Church of Scotland
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Protestant church founded in 1560, often called the Kirk. Its organisation was Presbyterian (by assemblies) and its theology was Calvinist.
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Commonwealth
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Often used by historians to describe the parliament-led regines of 1649-52 and 1659-60 (thus including years of the Protectorate (1653-1659)). Legally, though, the whole period of the Interregnum, between the execution of the king (1649) and the restoration, was a Commonwealth.
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Communion
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Holy Communion.
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Confederate
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of the Irish Catholic Confederation of Kilkenny.
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Confederation of Kilkenny
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Alliance of Gaelic Irish and Old English who established a Catholic provisional government in Kilkenny from 1642-1649.
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Conventicle
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Illegal religious congregation.
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Convention
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An assembly resembling parliament but not called by the monarch (called in 1660 and 1688).
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Covenant
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Solemn League and Covenant and National Covenant.
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Covenanter
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Supporter of the Scottish National Covenant.
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Debenture
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Document guaranteeing the right to an allocation of land in lieu of pay; most commonly used of the scheme to allocate Irish land to pay Cromwellian forces there.
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Deposition
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Sworn statement
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Dissenter
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One who dissented from the Church of England's liturgy and worship; normally used of only Protestants after 1660.
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Divine right of kings
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Belief that the king owed his powers to God and was answerable to God for the protection of his subjects.
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Engagement
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Alliance between the king and the Scots made in 1647.
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Engager
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Supporter of Charles I's 'Engagement' with the Covenanting Scots.
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Eoiscopate
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Body of bishops.
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Eucharist
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holy Communion.
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Free grace
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Doctrine that salvation is not foreordained but given freely by God.
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Gaelic Irish
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Native Irish, Gaelic speaking Catholics who retained in the seventeenth century some vestiges of their earlier clan organisation.
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Holy Communion
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Bread and the wine administered at a communion service to the laity by the minister (Protestant) or the bread administered at the Mass to the laity by the priest, the wine was taken only by the priest (Roman Catholic). Also known as the Eucharist.
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Book of Homilies
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Collection of written addresses used by Anglican clergy who could not preach their own sermons.
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Humble Petition and Advice
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Revised Protectorate constitution of 1657.
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Independent
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One who believed in a church based on a voluntary gathered congregation, each being self-sufficient with no organisation beyond individual congregation.
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Instrument of Government
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Constitution establishing the Protectorate in 1653.
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Interregnum
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Interval between kings, usually used of the period 1649-1660.
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Jacobite
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Supporter of the deposed James II and VII, and/or of his son the Old Pretender.
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Kirk
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Church of Scotland.
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General Assembly of the Kirk
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National governing body of the Church of Scotland with both clerical and lay members.
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Kirk session
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Group of elders (presbyters) elected by each loyal church community as a governing body; the meeting attended by presbyters. Groups of local churches were governed by a higher assembly of elders (a presbytery), and these regional presbyteries fed into the meetings of the General Assembly of the Kirk.
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Liturgy
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Order of service; Anglican liturgy published in the Book of Common prayer.
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Minister (of the church)
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Functionary appointed either by a bishop (Anglican) or by a congregation (nonconformist) to conduct services and minister to the faithful.
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Mortality crisis
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Exceptionally raised death rate.
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National Covenant
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A document stating that changes to the Church of Scotland required the approval of the General Assembly of the Kirk and parliament, and could not be decreed by the king. In February 1638, it was subscribed in Edinburgh and circulated to every burgh and parish for signature.
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New English
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Protestant Englishmen and women who settled in Ireland from the sixteenth century on.
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Nonconformist
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One who did not conform to the Anglican Church's liturgy and worship; normally a Protestant.
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Old English
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Descendants of twelfth-century Norman invaders of Ireland; predominantly Catholic, though some Protestant converts. They dominated the government of Ireland until the mid seventeenth century. Many spoke Irish (Gaelic) and had married into Gaelic Irish families.
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Planter
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Settler on an allocation of land; usually used of the English and Scots who took up allocations of land confiscated from rebellious Catholic Irish landowners.
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Predestination
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One who believes in predestination.
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Prelacy
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System of church government by bishops.
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Prerogative
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particular power reserved to monarch.
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Presbyterian
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Believer in a system of church government by a hierarchy of assemblies (presbyteries) with lay and clerical members. Often associated with Calvinist doctrine.
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Presbytery
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Assembly of lay people and ministers from several parishes charged with administering those parishes.
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Priest
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Roman Catholic clergyman; used as a term of abuse of ceremonialist Protestant clergy.
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Protectorate
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Government under the lords protector, Oliver Cromwell (1653-58) and his son Richard (1658-59).
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Protestor
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Remonstrant.
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Puritan
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Someone who believed that the reform of the Anglican Church had not gone far enough in a Protestant direction; usually used before 1660.
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Regicide
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Act of killing a king; one of those who signed King Charles I's death warrant.
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Remonstrant
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Supporter of the Remonstrance (October 1650), which denounced any understanding with Charles II and sought to enforce the Act of Classes.
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Resolutioner
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Supporter of alliance between Covenanters and royalists.
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Solemn League and Covenant
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Both the military alliance of 1643 between Scotland and England, and the agreement that the English would implement the Scottish system of church government; signed by members of parliament and the parliamentary army.
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Subsidy
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Direct tax granted to the king by parliament to meet particular occasions.
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Tonnage and poundage
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Tax on imports granted to the king at his accession by parliament.
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Westminster Assembly of Divines
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Assembly established in 1643 to devise a new church settlement for England and Wales in accordance with the terms of the Solemn League and Covenant.
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