A Vitamin Deficiencies And Toxicities

Front 1

What are the causes of zinc deficiency?

Back 1

1. alcoholism
2. DM
3. chornic diarrhea
4. Acrodermatitis enteropathica--which is an autosomal recessive disease

Front 2

This is the clinical presentation of what condition?

poor wound healing, can't taste or smell, perioral rash

Children--hypogonadism, growth retardation

Back 2

zinc deficiency

Front 3

What is the function of zinc in the body?

Back 3

cofactor for many enzymes including collagenase in wound remodeling

Front 4

Name this vitamin toxicity:

too much of this vitamin results in papilledema and seizures due to an increased intracranial pressure and can present with bone pain due to periosteal proliferation

Back 4

vitamin A

Front 5

Name this vitamin toxicity:

hypercalcemia with metastatic calcification and renal calculi

Back 5

vitamin D

Front 6

Name this vitamin toxicity:

decreased synthesis of vitamin K-dependent porcoagulatn factors

can also have a synergistic effect with warfarin anticoagulation

Back 6

vitamin E

Front 7

Name this vitamin toxicity:

over dose of this vitamin results in hemolytic anemia and jaundice in newborns if the mother has had too much of this vitamin

Back 7

vitamin K

Front 8

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-impaired night vision
-blindness
-penumonia
-growth retardation
-loss of sebaceous gland function
-renal calculi

Back 8

vitamin A deficiency

Front 9

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-CNS bleeding (newborns)
-bruising
-GI bleeding
-prolonged prothrombin time

Back 9

vitamin K deficiency

Front 10

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-hemolytic anemia
-peripheral neuropathy
-poor joint sensation
-ataxia b/c spinocerebellar tract degeneration

Back 10

vitamin E deficiency

Front 11

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-pathologic fractures, bowed legs, rickets, osteomalacia
-continuous muscle contraction (tetany)

Back 11

vitamin D deficiency

Front 12

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-peripheral neuropathy
-ataxia
-confusion
-amnesia
-congestive cardiomyopathy

Back 12

Thiamine (b1) deficiency

Front 13

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-corneal neovascularization, glositis, fissuring at the angles of the mouth, cheilosis (cracked lips)

Back 13

riboflavin (b2) deficiency

Front 14

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-pellagra: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

Back 14

niacin (b3) deficiency

Front 15

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-weak capillaries and venules
-skin ecchymoses, ring of hemoorrhage around hair follicles, bleeding gums, anemia, poor wound healing

Back 15

ascorbic acid (C) deficiency

Front 16

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-neuropathy
-nausea
-GI cramps
-restlessness
-hypoglycemia

Back 16

pantothenic acid (b5) deficiency

Front 17

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-sideroblastic anemia
-confulsions
-peripheral neuropathy

Back 17

pyridoxine (b6) deficiency

Front 18

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-depression
-lethargy
-hallucinations
-numbness/tingling
-red scaly rash on face
-hair loss

Back 18

biotin (b7) deficiency

Front 19

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-megaloblastic anemia
-no neurologic pathology other than during pregnancy
-glottitis red tongue

Back 19

folic acid (b9) deficiency

Front 20

these symptoms are due to what vitamin deficiency?

-megaloblastic anemia
-posterior cloumn an dlateral corticospinal tract demyelination **neuro disease**
-glotssitis

*triad of weakness, sore tonge, parasthesis*

Back 20

cobalamin (b12) deficiency

Front 21

A mother brings her 3 year old son to the doc after severe bouts of vomiting and diarrhea for the past 2 days. The diarrhea is water, though the mother denies seeing any blood in it. The doctor makes a diagnosis by ELISA on the child's stool and assures the mother that he will be fine with good rehydration---whats the microbe?

Back 21

rotavirus

reoviridae rotavirus

Front 22

What's the clinical presentation of rotavirus?

Back 22

gastroenteritis

Front 23

What is the pathogenesis of rotavirus?

Back 23

fecal-oral route....infects villus cells of proximal small intestine and relpicates within and lyses the cell resulting in impaired absorption of carbohydrates and other nutrients

vomiting followed by watery diarrhea

Front 24

How is a diagnosis of rotavirus made?

Back 24

symptoms

stool specimen immunoassay for virus assays

Front 25

What is the treatment for rotavirus?

Back 25

rehydration!!!

or a live oral attenunted vaccine is available

Front 26

Mesalamine
Sulfasalazine
(or -azine, -azide)

-class
-MOA

Back 26

Mesalamine
*5-Aminosalicytes

MOA: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and the migration of leukotrines into the bowel wall

*topical effect

and scavenges superoxide-free radicals

Front 27

Mesalamine
Sulfasalazine
(or -azine, -azide)

-clinical uses

Back 27

inflammatory bowel disease--mild to moderate

UC

Front 28

Mesalamine
Sulfasalazine
(or -azine, -azide)

-adverse effects

Back 28

due to sulfapyridine released

1. dose dependent
nausea, vomiting, headache, malaise, male infertitlity

2. hypersensitivity: fever, skin rash, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, hepatitis

Front 29

Infliximab
Adalimumab
Certolizumab pegol

-class
-MOA

Back 29

Infliximab
Adalimumab
Certolizumab pegol
*Biological response modifiers

MOA: binds to membrane bound TNF-alpha on macrophages or activated T cells to induce cell death

Front 30

Infliximab
Adalimumab
Certolizumab pegol

-clinical uses

Back 30

moderate to severe Chron's
--induce and maintain remission

Moderate to severe UC (Infliximab)
--induce and maintain remission

Front 31

Infliximab
Adalimumab
Certolizumab pegol

-adverse effects

Back 31

$$$$$$

allergic reactions