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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypotension has a mean BP of ____ for 20 min
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BP < 60 for >20 min
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PaCO2 measures ventilatory status fo the patient. The normal value is ___________ mm Hg
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35 - 45 mm Hg
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Hyperventilation is a PaCO2 of:
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less than 35 mm Hg
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Hypoventilation is a PaCO2 of:
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greater than 45
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What is the only anesthetic agent approved by FDA for fish?
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tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222)
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Anterior Uveitis is:
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inflammation of the anterior uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, choroid)
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Panacure:
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Fenbendazole
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What is the least heptatoxic benzimadozole?
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fenbendazole
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Droncit:
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Praziquantel
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Cestex:
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Epsiprantel
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Nemex:
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Pyrantel pamoate
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What is the cause of Anthrax?
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Bacillus anthracis; REPORTABLE, ZOONOTIC
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S1 heart sound:
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signals closure of AV valves and start of systole
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S2 heart sound:
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signals closure of semilunar valves and end of systole
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S3 heart sound:
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heard if increase in venous return; pregnancy
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S4 heart sound is associated with:
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atrial contraction and immediately precedes S1
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What are four supraventricular tachycardia arrhythmias?
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Atrial premature contractions, paroxysmal atrail tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation
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Irregularly irregular:
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atrial fibrillation
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Describe Atrial fibrillation on ECG
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no demonstratable P waves on any lead
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Taurine defiency in cats cause what cardiac disease?
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DCM
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What coccidia are found in poultry
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Eimeria and Cryptosporidia
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What coccidia are found in small animals
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Isospora and Cryptosporidia
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What coccidia are found in large animals (cows/sheep/goats/pigs)
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Eimeria and Cryptosporidia
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What age are pigs infected and showing clinical signs of coccidiosis
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at 5 - 15 days old
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What is the treatment of choice for cocciodomycosis
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amphotericin B
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What is a diagnostic method for diagnosising coccidosis (best/better)
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impression smear of intestine more diagnositic than fecal exam
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What are the factors involved in the intrinsic pathway
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factors 12, 11, 9, and 8
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A factor 8 deficiency leads to:
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hemophilia A
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What is the most common bleeding deficiency in dogs and cats
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hemophilia A, is X-linked, females are asymptomatic, males are affected
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What does a deficiency in factor 9 lead to
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Hemophilia B
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What are the Vitamin K dependent factors
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2, 7, 9, 10
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Vitamin K antagonism or deficiency is associated with what? (5)
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1. rodenticide tox (warfarin, coumarin)
2. malabsorption 3. BTO 4. heriditary 5. hemorrhagic porcine stress syndrome |
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What tests coagulation factors for the intrinsic system? extrinsic system?
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intrinsic system: APTT and ACT
extrinsic system: PT |
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Club foot is caused by:
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contracture of the deep digital flexure tendon
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Bacillary Hemoglobinuria is caused by:
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C. haemolyticum; in cattle, aka red water dz
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Black leg is caused by?
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C. Chauvoei (also septicum, novyi, sordelli)
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Botulism is caused by:
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C. botulinum
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hemorrhagic enteritis adn enterotoxemia is caused by:
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C. perfringens
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Infectious necrotic hepatitis is caused by:
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C. novyi and liver flukes, a.k.a. Black disease
*C.novyi infection is pathologic with liver liver fluke migration causing necrotic liver* Control- reducing intermediate host, snail (Lymnaea spp) and vax with Cl. novyi toxoid |
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Malignant Edema is caused by:
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C. septicum (also chavoei, perfringens, sordelli, novyi)
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Characterize chylothorax
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accumulation of chylous fluid in the pleural space: high triglyceride concentration with a low cholesterol
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Describe the bands on the colon of equine:
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4 bands: cecum, RVC, LVC
1 band: LDC, pelvic flexure 3 bands: RDC |
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When colic is due to SI causes there is either strangulated or nonstrangulated causes. What are examples of both?
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strangulation: SI torsion, SI volvulus, strangulating lipoma
nonstrangulation: ileal impaction, proximal enteritis |
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When colic is due to LI causes there is either colonic torsion or impaction. What are examples of each?
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colonic torsion: nephrosplenic entrapment= L dorsal displacement or tangled with cecum= R
impaction: transverse colon, pelvic flexure, ileocecal valve |
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Enteroliths as a cause of colic affects what breed(s) and due to mainly what feed?
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Arabians, alfalfa hay
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What breeds are affected with COLOR DILUTE ALOPECIA?
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congenital defect in blue dobies, chows, and chihuahuas
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Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome is an inherited defect of immunity in ? amd describe
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Arab foals; autosomal recessive- lack of immunoglobulin synthesis, absence of cell-mediated immunity, thymic hypoplasia, and marked reduction of lymphocytes
- foals are normal at birth dt maternal antibioties, until they decline; then foals succumbs to succession of respiratory infections |
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How is CID diagnosed?
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precolostral serum samples have no detectable IgM antibody and lymphocyte count < 1000 cells/ml in peripheral blood
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Congenital hyperlipidemia is an inherited disease of what breed of dogs?
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miniature schnauzers
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Sore Mouth is caused by:
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poxvirus; aka Contagious Ecthyma, Contagious Pustular Dermatitis, Sore Mouth, Orf
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What are the CS seen in males affected with CEM?
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none
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What are the CS seen in females affected with CEM?
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mare develop endometritis with vulvar discharge 2-6 days after service; low conception rate (fertility regain after infection subsides), abortion uncommon
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What is the etiology and treatment of Contagious Equine Metritis?
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Taylorella equigenitalis and is self limiting
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Cu deficiency can be caused by:
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1. decreased Cu in soil
2. increased Mo (S) 3. increased Fe |
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What CS can be seen in lambs with Cu deficiency?
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* Swayback*
unthiftiness, achromotrichia, diarrhea, lameness, demyelinization, falling disease |
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What is the treatment and prevention of Cu deficiency?
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TX: copper glycinate injections every 6 mos SQ; cu sulfate in feed; cu oxide needle bolus
PX: salt/trace mineral mixes with Cu; CuSO4 fertilizer |
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What type of hemolysis will be seen with Cu poisoning?
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intravascular hemolysis
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What is the recessive inherited copper storage disease in Bedlington Terriers?
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Cu Storage Hepatopathy of Bedlington Terriers
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What is the DOC for the treatment/management of Cu Storage Hepatopathy of Bedlington Terriers; what other agent(s) can be used
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Penicillaminine; Trientine can be used (oral Cu chealating agent, less adverse affects than penicillamine)
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What claw is affected with "Corkscrew Claw" in cattle?
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defect of the lateral claw causes serious lameness; must trim continuouslly.
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What does corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis do in horses? in sheep/goats?
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horses: causes pectoral abscesses (seasonal- late summer and fall)
sheep/goats: Caseous Lymphadenitis |
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What is crotalaria?
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group of plants that contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids; causing liver damage in horses
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What are the cranial nerves with parasympathetic functions?
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CN III, VII, IX, X, XI (3, 7, 9, 10, 11)
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What normal accompanies a cranial cruciate ligament rupture and how do you dx?
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medial meniscal tear w/ "clicking noise"; dx with cranial drawer sign
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Characterize Cryptococcus neoformans
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encapsulated fungal organism found in soil, and pigeon droppings; yeast with narrow based budding and thick, clear mucin capsule
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What clinical features are seen in dogs? and cats? with Cryptococcosis?
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dogs: CNS signs, granulomatous chorioretinitis
cats: Roman nose; swelling or draining fistula over facial bone, chronic nasal discharge |
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TX for Cryptococcosis:
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Amphotericin B(alone or in combo with flucytosine, ketaconazole, fluconazole if in CNS
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What stain can be used for CSF fluid? what morphology will be seen with Cryptococcosis?
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INdia ink; see clear vacuoles
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What is the treatment for Nasal mycosis caused by the most common cause?
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common cause- normal inhabitant of the nasal cavity, aspergillus fumigatus
TX: Enilconazole- admin twice daily into nasal cavity; Itraconazole can also be used ketaconazole, thiabendazole, fluconazole are less affective |
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What is the cause of Flat Calf Syndrome; commonly seen in beef and dairy calves of 1-3 weeks of age?
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Cryptospoidium parvum, ZOONOTIC (causes diarrhea in human, kill immunocomprised)
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What is CURB?
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spraining and thickening of the plantar tarsal ligament
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On clinical pathology, what can be seen with Cushings?
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eosinopenia, neutrophilia, increased SAP
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What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
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Cutaneous Asthenia; in herited defects in collagen production w/ dermatosparaxis (torn skin)
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How do you treat Cyanide poisoning (cherry red blood; bitter almond odor)?
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sodium nitrate, sodium thiosulfate, IV Methylene Blue
*Dx: Picrate paper test- filter paper with ruminal contents- turn red - positive |
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MOA of cyclophosphamdie; adverse effects?
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alkylating agent which interfers w/ DNA replication, RNA transcription and replication (disrupts nucleic acid fxn)
Adverse effects: myelosupression, gastroenterocolitis, hemorrhagic cystitis (rare in cats, 1/3 of dogs) |
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What are the two phase of cytauxzoon felis?
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tissue phase(large schizonts) and erythrocytic phase(piroplasm)
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Cytauxzoon felis is transmitted by:? and what is the most important reservoir host?
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Dermacentro variablis ticks; bobcats
definitive host are spp of Felidae, including domestic cats, bobcats, and Florida panthers |
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What type of anemia is seen w/ Cytauzoon felis infection?
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Normocytic normochromic anemia with leukopenia and pronounced lymphopenia
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Dacryocystitis
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inflammation of the lacrimal sac
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what is the daily water requirement for small animals?
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50-75mL/kg/day
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What is the method of choice for dehorning goats?
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hot iron debudding
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American dog tick and what does it transmit?
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Dermacentor variabilus; transmits RMSF, tularemia, anaplasmosis (mice)
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How do you treat Demodectic mange in the cat? in the dog?
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dog- Amitraz (mitoban- yohimbine will reverse), also invermecting, milbemycin given daily
cats- lyme sulfar dips once a week for 6 weeks; MITOBAN WILL KILL CATS (do not use) |
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Dermatophilosis is caused by:
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Dermatophilus congolensis in equine; ZOONOTIC
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Dermatophilosis is treated by:
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remove and destroy crusts, povidone iodine shampoo
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What cause Dermatophytosis in the following spp:
Cattle/sheep/goats horses pig dog cat |
cattle/sheep/goats- Trichophyton verrucosum
Horse- Trichophyton equinum Pig- Microsporum nanum Dog- (70%) Microsporum canis, M.gypsum (in soil), Trichophyton mentagrophytes Cat- (98%) Microsporium canis |
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Treat Dermatophytosis:
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griseofulvin (teratogenic) and lime sulfar dip; oral lufenuron
can consider topicals |
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What are four insulin antagonists?
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cortisol
growth hormone epinephrine glucagon |
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What is Diaphragmatic Flutter and what is is caused by?
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Synchronous Diaphragmatic Flutter"Thumps" (in equine)
violent, unilateral hiccoughs occur w/ each heartbeat due to stimulation of the phrenic nerve by cardiac electrical discharge |
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Why should clients NOT graze horses with donkeys?
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b/c donkeys, mules, and asses are inapparent carriers of the equine lung worm: Dictyocalulus arnfieldi
Dx w/ baermans |
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What is the #1 foot disease of dairy cattle?
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Hairy Heel Warts, Digital Dermatidis
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What is Digital Dermatidis in cattle caused by?
where is the most common lesion? what is treatment? |
Treponema, most affected in rear, tx with oxytetracycline long term
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What organisms are commonly isolated with Diskospondylitis?
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MC- Staphylococcus intermedius/aureus, Brucella canis (ZOONOTIC potential), aspergillosis
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The demonstration of what virus specific immunoglobin is diagnositic for Distemper virus?
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Ig M
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What is the african veneral disease of horses caused by Trypansoma equiperidum?
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Dourine
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