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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Is dementia acquired, genetic, or trauma induced?
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acquired and often progressive. ie you are not born with dementia.
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Does dementia affect the level of consciousness or the content in a person?
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It affects the content but not the level of consciousness. It affects how they think (cognitive)
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give two dz's that are types of dementia?
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parkinsons and huntingtons
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name some things that increase the risk of dementia?
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increases with age, tobacco smoke (and second hand), hypertension, and possibly dental health.
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a few dementia's are reversible about 10%, what types are?
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intracranial mass lesions, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypothyroidism, and neurosyphilis
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what type of dementia is caused by something like a wartime injury, ischemia from cardiac arrest, infection, or surgery?
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permanent loss of function known as static dementia.
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progressive dementia is most commonly caused by what?
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alzheimer type which is the number one cause of senile dementia.
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what age does alzheimer type of dementia seldom begin under?
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50 but rarely could be seen in the 30's or 40's.
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what are some additional risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and the percentage of increased risk?
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smoking 25, high blood pressure 25, high cholesterol 40, DM 40, and maybe daydreaming.
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what is the end result of the abnormalities involving chromosomes 1,12,14, 19, or 21?
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is the increase in B amyloid protein.
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what (number) chromosome abnormality causes an early and aggressive form of alzheimers disease?
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14
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what forms are there of APOE lipoproteins? and what do they do for alzheimers?
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e2 - decreases risk for AD, e3 - normal appolipoprotein, and e4 - is seen in normals, but in high percentage of patients with AD as well as heart dz therefore it is a risk factor.
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what does the protein tau do and is located intracellular or extracellular? what dz is caused by its malfunction?
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tau is the the ties on a railroad track, that are intracellular, when they are messed up the microtubules stick together helping to cause Alzheimer's dz
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what protein is located extracellularly and clumps together in the dz Alzheimer's? what happens secondarily?
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Beta amyloid protein, the clumping causes an inflammatory response by the body which damages the nerve tissue and ultimately kills it.
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they have seen an increase of ______ in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's?
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cox 2
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there is a loss of ______ in high brain centers with alzheimer's pts. certain drugs do what to help this?
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ACh synapses or a decrease in production of ACh, certain drugs help this by decreasing the breakdown of ACh.
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with Alzheimer's there is a loss of neurons in the hippocampus, what will this affect with the pt?
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they will not remember what they had for breakfast. short term memory.
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with Alzheimer's there is a loss of neurons in the amygdala, what will this affect with the pt? (the amygdala is the connection b/t the hypothalamus and the cortex.
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They will become irritable and aggressive - the end result is a behavioral change.
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list some of the clinical findings in the mild stage of Alzheimer's
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impairment of recent memory, forgets the names for things like bread and butter, loses interest in hobbies, trouble remembering what numbers mean, impaired judgment, and alterations in mood (depression is the most common. they become more irritability, loss of insight.
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will Alzheimers pts say they think they have alzheimers?
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no they have loss of insight so they will not see it in themselves.
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