A Primer Ecclesiastical Latin-Hard Words

Front 1

a (ab, abs) (prep + abl.)

Back 1

from, away from... The preposition a "from, away from" has three forms: a, ab, abs; a is used before consonants ab before vowels (or h), abs only before t ( if at all).

Front 2

ad (prep. + acc.)

Back 2

to, toward; for (the purpose of); at.... Distinguish between 'to,' a translation of the Dative case which indicates relationship, and 'to,' the translation of the preposition ad, indicating motion toward.

Front 3

coram

Back 3

(prep. + abl.) in the presence of

Front 4

cum

Back 4

(prep. + abl.) with

Front 5

de

Back 5

(prep. + abl.) from, down from; about, concerning

Front 6

e (ex) (prep. + abl.)

Back 6

from, out of... The prepostion e has two forms: e or ex.... e is used only before consanants; ex may be used before either vowels or consonants (especially p).

Front 7

et

Back 7

(1. coord. conj.; 2 intensifying adv.) 1. and 2. even, too.... Note that, depending on its use, et may be either a conjunction (and), connecting words, clauses, and sentences, or an adverb (even, too), emphasizing the word it precedes.

Front 8

et...et

Back 8

both...and

Front 9

in

Back 9

(prep.: 1. + acc.; 2. + abl.) 1. into, onto; against; for (the purpose of) 2. in, on; among; by means of, with

Front 10

pro

Back 10

(prep. + abl.) in front of; in behalf of, for; instead of, on behalf of

Front 11

-que

Back 11

(enclitic coord. conj.) and... The enclitic -que 'and' is attached to the second of two terms to be linked; aqua cenaque 'water and supper.' Its addition may cause a shift in the accent of a word; eg., terram, but terramque; vita, but vitaque.

Front 12

sine

Back 12

(prep. + abl.) without

Front 13

super

Back 13

(prep.: 1. + acc.; 2. + abl.) 1. above, upon; over 2. about, concerning

Front 14

nam

Back 14

(coord. conj.) for... Nam 'for' introduces an idependent clause, explaining a prior satement; it always stands forth in its clause.

Front 15

non

Back 15

(adv.) Not

Hint 15

The negative adverb non'not' immediately precedes the word it negates.

Front 16

trans

Back 16

(prep. + acc.) across

Front 17

hic

Back 17

(adv.) here, in this place

Front 18

ibi

Back 18

(adv.) there, in that place; then

Front 19

ubi

Back 19

(interrog. adv.) Where?

Front 20

enim

Back 20

(postpos. coord. conj.) for; indeed... Enim 'for' is weaker than nam; it is postpositive, i.e. it occurs toward the beginning of its clause, but never first. In contrast, merito 'rightly, deservely,' --- though an adverb -- tends to stand at the beginning of its clause or phrase.

Front 21

numquam

Back 21

(adv.) never

Front 22

nunc

Back 22

(adv.) now

Front 23

quoque

Back 23

(intensifying adv.) too, also.... Quoque 'too, also' immediately follows the word it emphasizes

Front 24

semper

Back 24

(adv.) always

Front 25

adhuc

Back 25

(adv.) so far, till now, still

Front 26

aut

Back 26

(coord. conj.) or

Front 27

aut...aut

Back 27

(coord. conj.) either...or

Front 28

-ne

Back 28

(enclitic interrog.particle) used in sentence questions

Front 29

quare

Back 29

(interrog. adv.) for what reason? why?

Front 30

a (ab, abs)

Back 30

Unit 7 ( added new meaning)... (prep. + abl.) by (the agency of)

Front 31

propter

Back 31

(prep. + acc.) on account of, because of

Front 32

per

Back 32

(prep. + acc.) through, just as in English may mean 'through' in four different senses; time, space, agency, and instrumentality; per horam 'through and hour'; per agrum 'through the field'; per Christum 'through Christ,' per potentiam 'through his power.'

Front 33

etiam

Back 33

(intensifying adv.) also, even

Front 34

iterum

Back 34

(adv.) again

Front 35

jam

Back 35

(adv.) already, now, soon

Front 36

post

Back 36

(prep. + acc.) after, behind

Front 37

quando

Back 37

(interrog. adv.) when?

Front 38

quia

Back 38

(subord. conj.) that; because... quod, quia, and quoniam means 'that' or 'because'; occasionally , eo quod 'because' occurs.

Front 39

quod

Back 39

(subord. conj.) that; because... quod, quia, and quoniam means 'that' or 'because'; occasionally , eo quod 'because' occurs.

Front 40

quoniam

Back 40

(subord. conj.) that; because... quod, quia, and quoniam means 'that' or 'because'; occasionally , eo quod 'because' occurs.

Front 41

sed

Back 41

(coord. conj.) but, yet

Front 42

tunc

Back 42

(adv.) then, at that time

Front 43

autem

Back 43

(postpositive. coord. conj.) but, and...may be used to continue a narrative ('and') or to indicate a weak adversative idea ('but')

Front 44

certe

Back 44

(adv.) surely, certainly; at least

Front 45

inter

Back 45

(prep. + acc.) between, among

Front 46

saepe

Back 46

(adv.) often

Front 47

statim

Back 47

(adv.) immediately, at once

Front 48

sub

Back 48

(prep.: 1. + acc.; 2. + abl.) 1. (to a place) under 2. (in or at a place) under

Front 49

vere

Back 49

(adv.) truly... the adverb formed from the adjective verus (Unit 4)

Front 50

ante

Back 50

(prep. + acc.) before.... has both a temporal and aspatial meaning: ante annum 'a year beofre'; ante domum 'before (in front of) the home.'

Front 51

ecce

Back 51

(interjection) look! here!....When used in nominal sentences, ecc means 'here is': ecc ancilla Domini 'here is the servant of the Lord.'

Front 52

perenniter

Back 52

(adv.) constantly, perennially

Front 53

postea

Back 53

(adv.) afterward, later on

Front 54

qui, quae, quod

Back 54

(1. interrog. adj.: 2. relative. pron.) 1. which? what? 2. who,which,that...has a more general meaning when suffixed by -cumque: quicumque, quaecumque, quodcumque 'whichever, whoever, whatever.' When used with the preposition cum 'with' the ablative precedes and coallesces with it: quocum 'with whom,' quibuscum 'with who.' The relative may precede other prepositions, e.g. quem propter 'on account of which/whom.' A connective relative even precedes a subordinating conjunction: qui quoniam.... 'And because they...'