A & P Test 2, Bone Tissue

Front 1

living tissue that is constantly breaking down and reforming

Back 1

bone

Front 2

bone is several different tissues working together name them

Back 2

osseous, cartilage, dense connective, epithelium, adipose & nervous tissue

Front 3

The study of bone structure and treatment of bone disorders

Back 3

Osteology

Front 4

framework of bones and cartilages

Back 4

skelatal system

Front 5

adipose cellsof yellow marrow store trigyceride, red bone marrow produce blood cells name 4 other functions of bone tissue and skeletal sys

Back 5

support, protection, mineral homeostasis, movement

Front 6

A long bone (humerus) the diaphysis is the bones?

Back 6

shaft or body

Front 7

In a long bone (humerus) the epiphysis is the bones?

Back 7

distal or proximal (head 'foot') ends of the bone

Front 8

The long bones shaft or body is the ?

Back 8

diaphysis

Front 9

the long bones distal or proximal ends are calle the?

Back 9

epiphysis

Front 10

The epiphyseal line in a long bone is the ?

Back 10

area on a long bone that the epiphysis (distal) area meets the diaphysis (body) or the diaphysis meets the proximal

Front 11

The epiphyseal plate is what? and made of what?

Back 11

the area of growth that hyaline cartilage is growing that is eventually replaced by bone that forms the 'line'

Front 12

What is the Articular cartilage?

Back 12

The articular cartilage is a thin layer of hyaline cartl. that lines the epiphysis where it forms a joint

Front 13

periosteum

Back 13

tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue covers bone wherever it isnt covered by articular cartlidge

Front 14

periosteum cells

Back 14

allows the bone to grow in diameter

Front 15

periosteum functions?

Back 15

protects, assists in repair, nourish tissue, serves as attachment pt for llig & tendons

Front 16

2 layers of periosteum

Back 16

outer fibrous layer-attachment for lig, tendons, & osteogenic layer-allows for bone growth

Front 17

Endosteum is?

Back 17

membrane lining medullary cavity (inner cav of long bone) single layer of osteogenic cells & osteoclasts

Front 18

bone tissue matrix consists of ?

Back 18

water, collagen fibers, 50% mineral salts-matrix is salt deposit in a frame of collagen fibers-calcific

Front 19

What cell type gives rise to bone

Back 19

osteogenic cells

Front 20

what cells type forms the bone matrix

Back 20

osteoblast

Front 21

osteogenic and osteoblast cells were derived from what stem cell?

Back 21

mesenchyme, unspecialized stem cells

Front 22

where would you find osteogenic cells?

Back 22

inside periosteum, endosteum & canals w/blood vessels

Front 23

which cell type maintain the matrix?

Back 23

osteoblast, forms bone matrix they do not undergo division they initiate calcification

Front 24

what forms an osteocyst?

Back 24

a osteoblast becomes an osteocyst when mature and maintains the bone tissue

Front 25

what is an osteoclast?

Back 25

huge cell from the fusion of many monocytes (resorption, breakdown of bone matrix)

Front 26

resporption

Back 26

use lysosomal enzymes and acids to digest protein & miner of bone matrix

Front 27

where do you find spongy (cancellous) bone?

Back 27

head of humerus

Front 28

where do you find compact bone?

Back 28

body of humerus

Front 29

where do you find a long bone?

Back 29

humerus

Front 30

what is a compact bone?

Back 30

very dense, found in the external layer of all bones, (even spongy bones) makes the bulk of the diaphysis (body) (osteons are the basic unit of a compact bone)

Front 31

What is spongy (cancellous) bone

Back 31

tissues of short irregular flat bones, narrow rim around the medullary cavity etc.consists of trabeculae

Front 32

trabeculae are?

Back 32

irrecular latticework of columns of bone, spaces are filled with red bone marrow, site of blood cell production (hemapoisis)

Front 33

how does spongy bone differ from compact bone?

Back 33

reduced weight, site of hemopoiesis in adults

Front 34

where is red bone marrow found?

Back 34

hip, ribs, breastbone, backbone, ends of long bones

Front 35

Blood vessels are abundent in bone especially in bone containing?

Back 35

red bone marrow, blood vessels pass into bone from the periosteum

Front 36

bones are very vascular, how are long bones supplied??

Back 36

periosteal, nutrient, metaphyseal and epiiphyseal arteries

Front 37

the embryonic skeleton is composed of 'bones' made of what tissue?

Back 37

mesenchyme

Front 38

Intramembranous ossification
1 of 2 methods of bone formation

Back 38

all adult connective tissues is derived from mesenchyme

Front 39

endochonral ossivication
1 of 2 methods of bone formation

Back 39

within hyaline cartilage that originally was derived from mesenchyme

Front 40

name the 6 stages of embry ossification

Back 40

mesenchyme, collagen fiber, osteoid, osteoblasts, trabeculae (prim bone tiss) osteocytes

Front 41

endochondral ossification

Back 41

replacement of cartilage by bone

Front 42

simple (closed) fracture

Back 42

does not break the skin

Front 43

greenstick fracture

Back 43

occurs only in children only oneside of the bone, bone not ossified yet

Front 44

impacted fracture

Back 44

one end driven into the other

Front 45

axial skeleton includes?

Back 45

80 bones down middle of skeleton

Front 46

appendicular skeleton?

Back 46

126 bones, bones that hang from axial - from upper and lower limb girdles

Front 47

what classifys a long bone

Back 47

longer than wide, shaft and variable numer of extremities usually somewhat curved

Front 48

what bone equals in width and length and consist of spongy bone and thin layer of compact bone?

Back 48

short bones.... wrist (carpal bone ankle (tarsal)

Front 49

these bones are thin, consist of compact bone, inside of spongy bone, major site for hematopoiesis

Back 49

flfat bones such as the sternum, shoulder blade flat for protection

Front 50

an irregular such as the vertebrae is?

Back 50

can't be in any other categorie? varies in spongy and compact also some facial

Front 51

sesamoid bone

Back 51

not always present, protects tendons from wear and tear, patellae (knee cap)

Front 52

sutural (wormian) bones

Back 52

varies from each person, bones between sutures

Front 53

what is the purpose of the hyoid bone

Back 53

suspended from the styloid process by tendons, supports the tongue

Front 54

abnormal curves of the vertebral column

Back 54

kyphosis-thoracic curve
lordosis-lumbar curve
scoliosis-lateral bending of vert

Front 55

olecranon of the ulna forms the what of the elbow?

Back 55

forms the prominence of the elbow

Front 56

articulation; arthrosis (joint)

Back 56

a point of contact can be between 2 bones, bone & cartlidge or bone and teeth

Front 57

the study of joints

Back 57

arthrology

Front 58

the study of motion of the human body

Back 58

kinesiology

Front 59

2 types of connective tissue that binds the bones together

Back 59

fibrous connective, cartilage and dense irrecgular connective tissue