Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 3 parts that maintain homeostasis?
|
1. Sensor
2. Integrating center 3. Effector |
|
|
What is the normal mg/dl content of blood glucose?
|
70-110
|
|
|
What organ regulates insulin? What organ system is it in?
|
Pancreas, Endocrine
|
|
|
What 2 things can cause hypoglycemia? What is another name for it?
|
Dysfunctional pancreas and overdose and insulin, Diabetes
|
|
|
List the 5 levels of organization in anatomy
|
1. Chemical
2. Cellular 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. System |
|
|
What is the study of tissue called? What are the 4 types of tissue?
|
Histology
1. Epithelial 2. Nervous 3. Connective 4. Muscle |
|
|
Name the 11 organ systems
|
Cardiovascular, digestive, muscular, urinary, respiratory, nervous, skeletal, lymphatic, reproductive, endocrine, integumentary
|
|
|
What organs make up the endocrine system? (6)
|
Pancreas, thyroid, pituitary, adrenals, ovaries, testes
|
|
|
What 4 elements make up the human body?
|
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Carbon
|
|
|
Which elements make up proteins?
|
C, H, O, N
|
|
|
What % of a human body is made up of water?
|
60%
|
|
|
Why does chlorine kill bacteria?
|
Because it is a very unstable element. (7e in outer shell)
|
|
|
What are the names of + charge ions and - charge ions?
|
Cations (+)
Anions (-) |
|
|
What is one function of Na+ in the body?
|
Impulse Conduction
|
|
|
What is the condition called where fat is clogged in the blood vessels?
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
|
Name 5 examples of molecules in the body that are polar covalent?
|
Water, Glucose, Amino Acids, Vitamin C and B
|
|
|
Name 4 ways your body loses hydration?
|
Sweat, Urine, Diarrhea, Vomit
|
|
|
What organ in your body balances electrolytes?
|
Kidneys
|
|
|
What is a lethal injection composed of ?
|
K+
|
|
|
What is the formula for cellular respiration?
|
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP
|
|
|
Name 4 factors that affect rate of chemical reactions
|
1. Concentration of reactants
2. Temperature 3. Size of particles 4. Presense of enzymes |
|
|
Name 5 uses of water in the body
|
Chemical reactions
Movement of electrolytes Waste removal Blood Temperature regulation |
|
|
How are minerals used/lost in the body?
|
Lost by urine!
Electrolytes, building structures, Ca++ - bones, Fe+2 - Blood |
|
|
What are micronutrients?
|
Vitamins, Minerals
|
|
|
Which Vitamins are fat-soluable?
|
A, D, E, K
|
|
|
Do vitamins have calories?
|
No
|
|
|
What is another name for Vitamin B9? What is it used for?
|
Folate, Folic Acid.
Helps DNA synthesis. |
|
|
What vitamins are water soluable?
|
B, C
|
|
|
Which vitamins can be stored, water or fat soluable?
|
Fat soluable
|
|
|
What elements make up carbohydrates?
|
C, H, O
|
|
|
What are the 3 different types of carbohydrates?
|
1. Monosaccharides
2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides |
|
|
What are the three forms of monosaccharides?
|
1. Glucose
2. Galactose 3. Fructose |
|
|
What carbohydrate does the brain run on? What are 2 other names for it?
|
Glucose - Blood sugar or Dextrose
|
|
|
What is another name for "simple sugar"?
|
Monosaccharide
|
|
|
What carbohydrate makes sweet corn sweet?
|
Fructose
|
|
|
Name 3 Disaccharides
|
1. Sucrose
2. Lactose 3. Maltose |
|
|
What carbohydrate is found in potatoes? What is another name for it?
|
Starch, Amylose
|
|
|
What carbohydrate is found in oats? What does it break down into?
|
Maltose, Glucose (2 molecules)
|
|
|
Name 3 polysaccharides
|
1. Starch
2. Glycogen 3. Cellulose |
|
|
What is another name for cellulose?
|
Fiber
|
|
|
Where is glycogen stored in our bodies?
|
Liver, skeletal muscles
|
|
|
Which carbohydrate is used mostly for sustained energy?
|
Starch (Amylose)
|
|
|
What does sucrose break down into?
|
Glucose and Fructose
|
|
|
What is the technical name for table sugar?
|
Sucrose
|
|
|
How many amino acids are proteins made up of?
|
20
|
|
|
How many calories/gram are in proteins?
|
4
|
|
|
How does your body get amino acids?
|
Some are made in your body, some you have to ingest.
|
|
|
List 12 functions of proteins.
|
Muscles, hair, nails, mucus, ligaments, antibodies, cell membranes, clotting factors, pigments, hormones, energy, enzymes
|
|
|
What is a protein's quaternary structure?
|
How multiple proteins are bound together
|
|
|
What is a protein's tertiary structure?
|
How a chain folds on itself due to H bonds.
|
|
|
What is your bloods normal pH? Is it acidic or alkaline?
|
7.40, alkaline
|
|
|
How many cal/gram in lipids?
|
9
|
|
|
What elements are fats consisted of?
|
C, H, O
|
|
|
List 5 functions of fats
|
1. Energy
2. Protection 3. Insulation 4. Myelin 5. Flavor |
|
|
Name the 3 classes of lipids
|
1. Triglyceride
2. Phospholipids 3. Sterols |
|
|
What is a fatty acid consisted of?
|
Hydrocarbon chain
|
|
|
What is a triglyceride consisted of?
|
3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol
|
|
|
Name 3 types of fatty acids
|
1. Saturated
2. Mono-unsaturated 3. Poly-unsaturated |
|
|
Which fatty acid comes from coconut oil?
|
Saturated
|
|
|
Which fatty acid comes from soybean oil?
|
Polyunsaturated
|
|
|
Which kind of fatty acid comes from corn oil?
|
Polyunsaturated
|
|
|
Which kind of fatty acid comes from animal fat?
|
Saturated
|
|
|
Which kind of fatty acid comes from corn oil?
|
Polyunsaturated
|
|
|
What is a phospholipid consisted of?
|
Glycerol + 2 fatty acids + polar phospho group
|
|
|
What phospholipid in your body helps mix polar and non-polar molecules for digestion?
|
Bile
|
|
|
What is it called when Polar and Non-polar molecules are mixed?
|
Emulsified
|
|
|
Name 5 functions of sterols?
|
1. Cell membrane stability
2. Vitamin D 3. Hormones 4. Myelin sheath 5. Nuerotransmitters |
|
|
What condition is caused by too much cholesterol?
|
Atherosclerosis
|
|
|
How many base pairs does a human DNA strand have?
|
3 billion
|
|
|
Name 4 functions of ATP
|
Movement, Active Transport, Heat, Protein synthesis
|
|
|
What element is crucial for ATP to be useful?
|
Oxygen
|
|
|
What is the difference between plant cell membranes than animal cell membranes?
|
Plants have fiber and no cholesterol
|
|
|
What is the movement of particles across a membrane called?
|
Diffusion
|
|
|
What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?
|
Pinocytosis engulfs already broken down particles, Phagocytosis engulfs full particles
|
|
|
Where are microvilla found in the human body?
|
Kidneys, Intestines
|
|
|
Name two places cilia are found in the human body?
|
Trachea, Oviduct
|
|
|
What two molecules does the mitochondria need to form ATP?
|
Glucose, Oxygen
|
|
|
What kind of cells have lysosomes?
|
White blood cells
|
|
|
What takes place in the ribosome?
|
Protein synthesis
|
|
|
What's the difference structurally between the rough ER and smooth ER?
|
Rough ER has ribosomes
|
|
|
What takes place in the rough ER?
|
Packaging and synthesis of proteins
|
|
|
What happens in the smooth ER?
|
Detox and Lipid synthesis
|
|
|
Which organ has a lot of smooth ER in it's cells?
|
Liver
|
|
|
Which cellular organ is involved w/ spindle fibers?
|
Centrioles
|
|
|
What does the Golgi Apparatus do?
|
Pachage and secrete proteins and lipids
|
|
|
What is the cytoskeleton composed of?
|
Protein filaments and tubules
|
|
|
Which body cell does not have a nucleus?
|
Red blood cells
|
|
|
How many chromosomes does the human body have?
|
46
|
|
|
Which cells in your body constantly undergo mitosis?
|
Blood cells, epithelial
|
