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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transmission of info from 1 neuron to another involves what type of transmission?
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chemical
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Depolarization of axon terminals causes what type of channels to open?
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voltage-gated Ca2+ channels
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What stimulates release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft?
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Ca2+ entry into nerve ending
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Release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft occurs via what process?
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exocytosis
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The neurotransmitter diffusing across synaptic cleft binds to ____ on ________?
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receptors on postsynaptic membrane
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The postsynaptic membrane can be either a ______ or _______.
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dendrite or soma
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Binding of the neurotransmitter to receptor can cause the following to occur:
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1. ion channel to open
2. production of intracell 2nd messenger 3. both |
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If the neurotransmitter is excitatory, what happens?
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postsynaptic mem depolarized & action potential may be generated
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What's a common means of depolarization of the postsynaptic mem?
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opening of ion channel to allow Na+ to enter cell
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What are the 3 layers of CT (the meninges) surrounding the brain & spinal cord
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pia mater, arachnoid mater & dura mater
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The subarachnoid space lies where?
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Between the arachnoid & pia layers
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How much CSF is contained within the skull & spinal cord?
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a. 300-400 mL
b. 200-250 mL c. 100-150 mL |
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Name the locations where CSF is found
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Ventricles, cisterns around brain & in subarachnoid space of both brain & spinal cord
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This structure secretes CSF
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choroid plexus in each of 4 ventricles
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Which ventricle(s) secret the most CSF?
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lateral ventricles
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How much CSF is produced daily on average?
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500 mL or 0.3-0.4 mL/min
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The choroid plexus is made up of a network of blood vessels surrounded by:
A. connective tissue B. endothelial cells C. epithelial cells |
C. epithelial cells
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What drives the secretion of CSF?
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active transport of Na+ across epithelium
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Can proteins be transported across membrane & into CSF?
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No
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Which of the following substance(s) are not transported into CSF?
K+, gases, glucose, amino acids, proteins, Cl-, HCO3- and H2O |
Only proteins
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T or F In it's final state, CSF is isosmotic (I dislike that word!)?
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True
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What's the normal CSF pressure (in mm Hg)?
a. 22 b. 8 c. 10 d. 15 |
c. 10 mm Hg
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Describe arachnoid villi
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finger-like projections of arachnoid membrane that extend into sagittal sinus
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T or F Under normal conditions, the rate of CSF absorption = production
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True
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The endothelial lining of cerebral capillaries is permeable to which species:
A. water B. plasma proteins C. gases D. electrolytes E. small lipophilic substances F. small lipophobic substances |
Freely permeable to:
A, C, E Limited permeability to: D |
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How is glucose transported across BBB?
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facilitated diffusion
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Name the bloodborne substances that can act as neurotransmitters that are prevented from entering brain by BBB
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Ach, norepinephrine; epinephrine; dopamine, glycine, histamine, peptides
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T or F Inhibitory neurotransmitters have a hypopolarization action on postsynaptic membrane?
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False--hyperpolarization
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Hyperpolarization makes the postsynaptic mem less likely to generate action potential T or F?
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True
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Name the (2) changes in cell mem permeability that can lead to hyperpolarization
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1. increased Cl- perm
2. increased K+ perm Usually only 1 happens, not both |
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What's summation?
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Addition of all excitatory & inhibitory inputs acting on postsynaptic mem
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Where can degradation of neurotransmitters occur?
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In synaptic cleft or in presynpatic terminal after re-uptake
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Presynpatic inhibition of synaptic transmission is mediated by ______?
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Autoreceptors, causing slowed release of additional neurotransmitters (negative feedback loop)
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Name some of the brain diseases & behavioral disorders associated with depletion or excess production of neurotransmitters
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Parkinson's, Alzheimers, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia
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The pharmacological effects of centrally-active drugs to treat brain diseases are directed at actions where?
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Actions at synapse (i.e. release of neurotransmitters, interference with reuptake, binding of drugs to receptors)
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