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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is the heart apex?
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on top of the diaphragm pointing towards the left side
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Which valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
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left AV or bicuspid or mitral valve
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Which valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta?
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left semilunar or aortic valve
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Which valve is between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
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right semilunar or pulmonary valve
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What valve is between the right artium and the right ventricle?
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right AV or tricuspid valve
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What is the first heart sound caused by?
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the closure of the AV (tricuspid and mitral) valves
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What is the second heart sound caused by?
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the closure of the semilunar (pulmonary and aortic) valves
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What is the "pacemaker" of the heart?
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SA (sinoatrial) node
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What leads to cardiac muscle contractions?
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conduction of electrical impulses to the Purkinje fibers
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What does bradycardia mean?
tachycardia? |
brady = < 60 beats per minute
tachy = > 100 beats per minute |
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What are atria? How are they different from ventricles?
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the upper receiving chambers and have thinner walls
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What are ventricles? How are the different from atria?
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lower discharging chambers and they have thicker walls
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What are the two layers of the pericardium?
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Parietal and visceral
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What is between the visceral and parietal layers?
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pericardial cavity which has lubricating fluid to prevent surface friction
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Where is visceral layer of pericardium?
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intimately related to the outer heart layer, the epicardium
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Where does blood from the right atrium go? What valve does it pass through?
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passes through the tricuspid valve going into the right ventricle
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Where does blood from the right ventricle go?
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goes to the pulmonary artery
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Where does blood from the left ventricle go?
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goes to the aorta
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Where does blood coming from the lungs go?
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enters the left atrium
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Where does blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae go?
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into the right atrium
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What is the sequence of impulse through the heart's conduction system?
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sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, bundle of HIS, and Purkinje fibers
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What is pericarium?
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special covering of the heart
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What is myocardium?
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the thick muscular layer of the heart
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What is the endothelium?
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continuously lines the heart's and blood vessels' inner walls
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What are valves?
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anatomic structures that provide a unidirectional flow to blood
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What holds atrioventricular valves in place?
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papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
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What is the path of blood flow?
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arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins
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How many layers in blood vessels?
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3:
inner tunica intima middle tunica media outer tunica adventitia |
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How are arterial tunica media different than venous tunica media?
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arterial tunica media is usually thicker the venous
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What does inner tunica consists of?
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smooth and consists of endothelial cells
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What is the tunica adventitia or externa consist of?
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connective tissue
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What are the precapillary sphincters? and what do they do?
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valves that control the flow of blood from the arterioles to the capillaries
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What is systemic circulation?
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blood flow from the aorta to different parts of the body then back to the heart
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What is pulmonary circulation?
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blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the lungs then back to the heart
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What does the left subclavian artery supply?
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supplies blood partly to the head and partly to the left upper extremity
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When pregnant, where does oxygen-rich blood coming from placenta go?
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it goes through the umbilical vein and then to the ductus venosus
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What carries blood away from the heart?
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Arteries do not have valves
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What contains valves and brings blood back to the heart?
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Veins
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What is a capillary?
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does not have valves. It is the place where exchange of substances with the body cells takes place
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What does the fetal ductus venous do?
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it bypasses the immature liver, bringing blood back to the heart
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Where is blood pressure highest?
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large arteries
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Where is blood pressure the lowest?
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large veins
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What is a direct cause of blood pressure?
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blood volume
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What can cause resistance to blood flow?
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blood viscosity and tension of the muscles in the blood vessel walls
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