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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Adrenal Gland
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1. One adrenal gland is on top of each kidney.
2. Regulates sodium and electrolyte balance 3. Affects carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism 4. Influences the development of sexual characteristics 5. Sustains the Fight-or-Flight response |
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Adrenal Cortex
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1. The cortex is the outer shell of the adrenal gland.
2. The cortex synthesizes glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids and secretes small amounts of sex hormones (androgens, estrogens) |
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Adrenal Medulla
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1. The medulla is the inner core of the adrenal gland.
2. The medulla works as part of the sympathetic nervous system and produces epinephrine and norepinephrine. |
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Thyroid Gland
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1. Located in the anterior part of the neck.
2. Controls the rate of body metablolism and growth and produces thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3), and Thyrocalcitonin. |
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Parathyroid Gland
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1. Located on the thyroid gland
2. Control calcium and phosphorus metabolism 3. Produce parathyroid hormone |
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Pancreas
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1. Located posteriorly to the stomach.
2. Influences carbohydrate metobolism 3. Indirectly influences fat and protein metabolism 4. Produces insulin and glucagon |
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Ovaries and Testes
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1. The ovaries are located in the pelvic cavity and produce estrogen and progesterone.
2. The testes are located in the scrotum, and control the development of the secondary sex characteristics, produce testosterone. |
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Negative-Feedback Loop
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1. Regulates hormone secretion by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
2. Increased amounts of target gland hormones in the bloodstream decrease secretion of the same hormone and other hormones that stimulate its release. |
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Functions of Endocrine Glands
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1. Maintenance and regulation of vital functions
2. Response to stress and injury 3. Growth and development 4. Energy metabolism 5. Reproduction 6. Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance |
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Risk Factors for Endocrine Disorders
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1. Age
2. Heredity 3. Congenital factors 4. Trauma 5. Environmental factors 6. Consequence of other disorders |
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Hypothalamus
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1. Portion of the diencephalon of the brain, forming the floor and part of the lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle.
2. Activates, controls, and integrates the peripheral autonomic nervous system, endocrine processes, and many somatic functions, such as body temperature, sleep, and appetite |
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Pituitary Gland
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1. The MASTER GLAND, located at the base of the brain
2. Influenced by the hypothalamus- directly affects the function of the other endocrine glands 3. Promotes growth of body tissue 4. Influences water absorption by the kidney 5. Controls sexual development and function |
