A & P Lab 2

Front 1

Diaphysis vs proximal and distal epiphysis

Back 1

Front 2

Spongy (cancelous) vs compact bone

Back 2

Front 3

Medullary Cavity

Back 3

Contains the bone marrow.

Front 4

Epiphyseal Line

Back 4

Remnant of the epiphyseal plate, site of growth during childhood.

Hint 4

Front 5

Nutrient Foramina

Back 5

Small holes where blood vessels enter the bone.

Front 6

Articular Cartilage

Back 6

Covers the portion of the bone found in the joint.

Front 7

Periosteum

Back 7

a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones.

Front 8

Endosteum

Back 8

a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones.

Front 9

Sesemoid Bones

Back 9

a bone embedded within a tendon or a muscle.

Hint 9

Front 10

Holes in Bone (usually passageways for nerves or blood vessels)

Back 10

Meatus, foramen, canal, fissure

Front 11

Fossa

Back 11

A depression or basin in a bone.

Front 12

Process, Trochanter, Tubetosity, Tubercle

Back 12

Projections on bone, usually sites of muscle attachment

Front 13

Spine, line, crest

Back 13

Ridges on a bone

Front 14

Condyle

Back 14

Rounded articular surface.

Hint 14

Front 15

Lambdoid Structure (skull)

Back 15

a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior aspect of the skull that connects the parietal bones with the occipital bone.

Hint 15

Front 16

Sagittal structure (skull)

Back 16

a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull.

Hint 16

Front 17

Coronal structure

Back 17

a dense, fibrous connective tissue joint that separates the two parietal bones from the frontal bone of the skull.

Hint 17

Front 18

Fontanelle

Back 18

an anatomical feature of the infant human skull comprising any of the soft membranous gaps (sutures) between the cranial bones that make up the calvaria of a fetus or an infant.

•Anterior frontanel is the biggest

Front 19

Paranasal Sinus

Back 19

a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity.

Hint 19

The maxillary sinuses are located under the eyes; the frontal sinuses are above the eyes; the ethmoidal sinuses are between the eyes and the sphenoidal sinuses are behind the eyes. The sinuses are named for the facial bones in which they are located

Front 20

Jugular Foramen

Back 20

Passageway for jugular vein and several cranial nerves.

Hint 20

Front 21

Zygomatic Arch

Back 21

Front 22

CN

Back 22

Cranial Nerves I-XII

Front 23

Frontal (Cranial Bones)

Back 23

Hint 23

Front 24

Parietal PAIRED (Cranial Bones)

Back 24

Front 25

Occipital (Cranial Bones)

Back 25

Hint 25

Front 26

Occipital (Foramen Magnum)

Back 26

Spinal cord leaves the skull through this large hole.

Hint 26

Front 27

Occipital (Occipital Condyles)

Back 27

Articulation with atlas. [C1]

Hint 27

Front 28

Temporal PAIRED (Cranial Bones)

Back 28

Front 29

Temporal (External Acoustic Meatus)

Back 29

External ear canal, carries sound to ear.

Hint 29

Front 30

Temporal (Internal Acoustic Meatus)

Back 30

Within the cranium, passage for the facial and vestibulocochlear cranial nerves

Hint 30

Front 31

Temporal (mastoid process)

Back 31

Attachment site of muscles that move the head.

Hint 31

Front 32

Temporal (Zygomatic Process)

Back 32

Posteroir part of the zygomatic arch.

Hint 32

Front 33

Temporal (Mandibular Fossa)

Back 33

Articulates with the mandibular condyle to form the TMJ)

Hint 33

Front 34

Sphenoid (Cranial Bone)

Back 34

Hint 34

Front 35

Sphenoid (Hypophyseal Fossa)

Back 35

Part of the larger sella turcica. Contains the hypophysis (pituitary) gland.

Hint 35

Front 36

Sphenoid (Optic Canal)

Back 36

Passage for the optic nerve (CNII).

Hint 36

Front 37

Sphenoid (Superior Orbital Fissure)

Back 37

Passage for cranial nerves and blood vessels.

Hint 37

Front 38

Ethmoid

Back 38

Hint 38

Front 39

Ethmoid (Crista Galli)

Back 39

Attachment point for meninges. Think rooster.

Hint 39

Front 40

Ethoid (Olfactory Foramina)

Back 40

Passage for the olfactory nerve (CN I). Think holes.

Hint 40

Front 41

Ethoid (Perpendicular Plate)

Back 41

Superior part of bony nasal septum.

Hint 41

Front 42

Ethoid (Middle Nasal Conchae (turbinates))

Back 42

Increases surface area of nasal cavity, aiding in warming and moisturizing inhaled air.

Hint 42

Front 43

Zygomatic Bones (Zygoma) PAIRED (Facial Bones)

Back 43

Hint 43

Front 44

Zygomatic Bones (Temporal Process)

Back 44

Anterior part of the zygomatic arch.

Hint 44

Front 45

Nasal PAIRED

Back 45

Front 46

Lacrimal PAIRED

Back 46

Hint 46

Front 47

Vomer (Facial Bones)

Back 47

The inferior most portion of the bony nasal septum.

Hint 47

Front 48

Inferior Nasal Concha PAIRED (Facial Bones) Not ethmoid

Back 48

Front 49

Palatine PAIRED (Facial Bones)

Back 49

Forms posterior portion of hard plate.

Hint 49

Front 50

Maxilla PAIRED (Facial Bones)

Back 50

Hint 50

Front 51

Maxilla PAIRED (Infraorbital Foramen)

Back 51

Contains nerves and blood vessels for Infraorbital region of face.

Hint 51

Front 52

Maxilla & Mandible (Alveolar Process)

Back 52

Bony mass containing roots and teeth.

Hint 52

Front 53

Maxilla & Mandible (Alveolar Margin)

Back 53

Edge of the alveolar process. This recedes with gum disease until eventually the teeth fall out as the roots are no longer supported.

Hint 53

Front 54

Maxilla (Palatine Process)

Back 54

Forms the anterior 2/3 of the hard plate.

Hint 54

Front 55

Mandible (Facial Bones)

Back 55

Front 56

Mandible (Body, Angle, Ramus)

Back 56

Front 57

Madible (Coronoid Process)

Back 57

Attachment for muscles of mastification.

Hint 57

Front 58

Mandible (mandibular condyle/condylar process)

Back 58

Front 59

Mandible (mental foramen)

Back 59

Passage for blood vessels and nerves to mental region of face.

Hint 59

Front 60

Hyoid Bone

Back 60

Not a skull bone or a vertebral bone. It is an integral part of the larynx structure and is held in position by ligaments and muscles.

Hint 60

Front 61

Vertebral Body

Back 61

Compression fractures are common with osteoporosis and associated with kyphosis, pinched spinal nerves, and loss of height.

Hint 61

Front 62

Vertebral Foramen = lamina + pedicle

Back 62

The spinal cord runs through themis large opening. Together, they make up the spinal cord.

Hint 62

Front 63

Vertebral Arch

Back 63

This surrounds the spinal cord, and the spinous and transverse processes project from it.

Hint 63

Front 64

Traverse Process

Back 64

Many muscles of the neck and back originate and insert here.

Hint 64

Front 65

Spinous Process

Back 65

Many muscles of the neck and back origniate here.

Hint 65

Front 66

Superior and Inferior articular facets

Back 66

This is where each vertebra atriculates with the vertebra above and below it.

Hint 66

Front 67

Intervertebral Formen

Back 67

The hole between adjustment vertebrae where spinal nerves exit the spinal cord.

Hint 67

Front 68

Cervicle Vertebrae c1-c7

Back 68

Front 69

C1 & C2 Atlas and Axis

Back 69

Axis

Hint 69

Atlas

Front 70

Odontoid Procress

Back 70

During embryonic development, the body of the atlas and axis become fused.

Front 71

C7

Back 71

This spinal process is much larger than the others and is visible through the skin. This is used as a clinical landmark, and is called the vertebra prominens.

Front 72

Thoracic Vertebra

Back 72

(T1-T12)

No traverse foramina

Hint 72

Front 73

Lumbar Vertebrae

Back 73

L1-L5

Lcan be identified by their bodies and short spinous processes.

Hint 73

Front 74

Sacrum S1-S5

Back 74

Formed a fusion of 5 vertevrae during development.

Hint 74

Front 75

Sacral Canal

Back 75

Spinal nerves from the spinal cord run through this hole, which is continuous with the vertebral Foramen. The spinal cord ends at approximately L1

Hint 75

Front 76

Sacral Foramina

Back 76

Spinal nerves exit/enter the sacral canal through thise wholes.

Hint 76

Front 77

Coccyx

Back 77

Formed from the fusion of several samll vertebrae. It is the vestige of a tail.

Hint 77

Front 78

Manubrium

Back 78

Articulates with the sternal (midial) end of the clavicle.

Hint 78

Front 79

Jugular Notch

Back 79

Clinical Landmark

Hint 79

Front 80

Sternal Angle

Back 80

Important clinical landmark

Hint 80

Front 81

Xiphoid Process

Back 81

•Important clinical landmark.

A strip of tendon called the linea alba runs from the siphoid process to the pubic sysmphysis of the pelvis and divides the rectus abdominus muscle.

Hint 81

Front 82

Features of ribs

Back 82

•1-7 are true ribs.

•8-12 are false ribs because their costal cartilage does not articulate with the sternum directly.

•11-12 are floating ribs because their anterior extremity does not attach to the sternum at all.

Front 83

Rib Notes

Back 83

•Each rib articulates with the vertebrae at two points: proximally with the vertebral body and laterally with the transverse process.

•All rib articulations with the vertbrae are synovial joints, and all the sternocostal articulations except for the first rib are also synovial joints. Synovial joints are are the most common type of joint and will be discussed lated with tibiofemoral joint in detail.

Front 84

Spina bifida

Back 84

Spina bifida is a birth defect where there is incomplete closing of the backbone and membranes around the spinal cord.

Hint 84

Front 85

Scoliosis

Back 85

Scoliosis is a medical condition in which a person's spine has a sideways curve. The curve is usually "S"- or "C"-shaped.

Hint 85

Front 86

Kyphosis

Back 86

an abnormally excessive convex kyphotic curvature of the spine as it occurs in the cervical, thoracic and sacral regions. Kyphosis can be called roundback or Kelso's hunchback.

Hint 86

Front 87

Lordosis

Back 87

the normal inward lordotic curvature of the lumbar and cervical regions of the human spine.

Hint 87

Front 88

Clavical

Back 88

Most common bone broken.

•Sternal End (midial)

•Acromial End (lateral)

Hint 88

Front 89

Scapula

Back 89

.

Hint 89

Front 90

Bony fratures of upper arm (Humerus)

Back 90

Front 91

Ulna

Back 91

Olecranon- Elbow; insertion of triceps brachii

Styloid Process- distal

Hint 91

Front 92

Radius

Back 92

•Styloid Process

•radial tuberosity

Hint 92

Front 93

Carpals (8 bones)

Back 93

Memorize

14 phalanx (phalanges)

5 metacarpal

Hint 93

Front 94

Coxal (Ilium)

Back 94

Hint 94

Iliac Crest

Anterior superior iliac spine

Greater sciatic notch

Front 95

Coxal (Ischium)

Back 95

Hint 95

Ischial Tuberosity

Front 96

Coxal (Pubis)

Back 96

Hint 96

Pubic Symphysis

Pubic Arch

Front 97

Femur

Back 97

Front 98

Patella (Sesamoid bone)

Back 98

Front 99

Tibia & Fibula

Back 99

Front 100

Tarsals

Back 100

Hint 100

Front 101

Metatarsals & Phalanges

Back 101

Front 102

Synovial Joints

Back 102

Freely Movable joints

Front 103

Cartilaginous Joints

Back 103

Slightly movable

Front 104

Fibrous joints

Back 104

Immovable

Front 105

Tibiofemoral Joint

Back 105

Front 106

Synovial Joint Structures

Back 106

•Joint Cavity/synovial cavity

•Articular cartilage

•synovial membrane

•Fiberous Capsule