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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are membranes? And what do they consist of?
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* physical barriers
* line or cover portions of the body * consist of: - an epithelium - supported by connective tissues |
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List the four types of membranes
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1) mucous membranes
2) serous membranes 3) cutaneous membranes 4) synovial membranes |
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Where are mucous membranes primarily found? What is their main function?
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* line passageways and chambers that have exterior connections
* found in digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts * epithelial surfaces must be kept moist to reduce friction and in many cases to facilitate absorption or secretion - lubricated by mucus or by exposure to fluids such as urine or semen |
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Where are serous membranes primarily found? What is their main function?
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* lines cavities not open to outside
- subdivisions of ventral body cavity * are thin and strong * have fluid transudate (liquid layer that coats the surfaces of a serous membrane -> prevents friction) * parietal portion covering the cavity * visceral portion (serosa) covering organs |
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What are the three serous membranes? Where are they found? What do they cover?
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* Pleura
- lines pleural cavities - covers lungs * Peritoneum: - lines peritoneal cavity - covers abdominal organs * Pericardium: - lines pericardial cavity - covers heart |
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Where is the cutaneous membrane? What are some of its characteristics?
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* is the skin, surface of the whole body
* thick, relatively waterproof, and dry |
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Where are Synovial membranes? What is their main function? What is a unique characteristic of Synovial membranes?
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* lines mobile joint cavities
* produces synovial fluid (lubricant) * protects the ends of bones * lacks a true epithelium |
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In the internal framework of the body what do connective tissues primarily do?
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* provide strength and stability
* maintain positions of internal organs * provide routes for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves |
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In the internal framework of the body what is fasciae? And what are the three types of fasciae?
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* the body's framework of connective tissue
* layers and wrappings that support or surround organs * 3 types: - superficial fascia - deep fascia - subserous fascia |
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What are the main functions of muscle tissue?
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* specialized for contractions
* produces all body movement |
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What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? Where are they found?
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* skeletal muscle
- large body muscles responsible for movement (voluntary) * cardiac muscle -found only in the heart * smooth muscle - found in walls of hollow, contracting organs (blood vessels, urinary bladder, respiratory, digestive and reproductive tracts) - involuntary motions |
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How are muscle cells classified?
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* striated (banded appearance)
* nonstriated (smooth) * single nucleus * multinucleated * can be controlled voluntarily * can be controlled involuntarily |
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List some characteristics of skeletal muscle cells
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* long and thin
* usually called muscle fibers * do NOT divide * new fibers are produced by stem cells (myosatellite cells) * multinucleated * striated |
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List some characteristics of cardiac muscle cells
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* called cardiocytes
* form branching networks connected at intercalated discs (specialized gap junction) * cardiac muscles are involuntary *typically single nucleus |
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List some characteristics of smooth muscle cells
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* small and tapered
* can divide and regenerate * single, central nucleus |
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Where are skeletal muscle cells located? What are their main functions?
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* combined with connective tissues and neural tissue in skeletal muscles
* functions: moves or stabilizes the position of the skeleton, guards entrances and exits to the digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts, generate heat, protect internal organs |
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Where are cardiac muscle tissues located? What are their main functions?
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* located in heart
* circulates blood, maintains blood pressure |
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Where are smooth muscles tissues located? What are their main functions?
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* found in walls of blood vessels and in digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive organs
* functions: moves food, urine and reproductive tract secretions, controls diameter of respiratory passageways, regulates diameter of blood vessels |
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What are the main characteristics of neural (nervous/nerve) tissue?
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* specialized for conducting electrical impulses
* rapidly senses internal or external environment * processes information and controls responses * one of the two main forms of communication in the body |
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Where is neural tissue located?
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* concentrated in nervous system
- brain -spinal cord |
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What are the two kinds of neural cells? What are their functions?
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* neurons
- nerve cells that perform electrical communication * neuroglia - supporting cells that repair and supply nutrients to neurons |
