A & P Exam 2012

Front 1

COMPRESSION FRACTURE OF A BONE

Back 1

BONE IS CRUSHED

Front 2

COMMINUTED
FRACTURE OF THE BONE

Back 2

BREAKS INTO MANY FRAGMENTS

Front 3

ARTICULATE J

Back 3

JOINT

Front 4

NOF

Back 4

FRACTURE OF NECK OF FEMUR (BROKEN HIP)

Front 5

JOINT CLASSIFICATION (3) F C S

Back 5

1) FIBROUS
2) CARTILAGINOUS
3)SYNOVIAL

Front 6

CARTILAGE TISSUE (3) H E F

Back 6

1) HYALINE
2) ELASTIC
3) FIBRO

Front 7

WHAT DOES PROTOPLASM CONSIST OF? (2) C N

Back 7

1) CYTOPLASM
2) NUCLEUS

Front 8

WHAT IS STORED IN THE VACUOLES? CS

Back 8

CELL SAP

Front 9

NAME 3 THINGS ABOUT A CYTOPLASM J C OE

Back 9

1) JELLY
2) CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCUR
3) OTHER PARTS ARE EMBEDDED

Front 10

WHAT ARE OSTEOCYTES? MBC

Back 10

MATURE BONE CELLS

Front 11

CHLOROPLASTS (2) G

Back 11

1) MAKE PLANTS GREEN
2) CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLL WHICH IS NEEDED FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Front 12

4 MAJOR TISSUE GROUPS C E M N

Back 12

1) CONNECTIVE TISSUE
2) EPITHELIAL TISSUE
3) MUSCLE TISSUE
4) NERVE TISSUE

Front 13

ATROPHY

Back 13

DECREASE IN SIZE OF CELLS (POOR NUTRITION/DISUSE)

Front 14

HYPERTROPHY

Back 14

INCREASE IN SIZE OF CELLS WHICH THEN INCREASES SIZE OF ORGANS (EXERCISE/HIGH BP)

Front 15

HYPERPLASIA

Back 15

INCREASE IN NUMBER OF CELLS, WHICH INCREASES TISSUE MASS (GROWTH/MENSURATION)

Front 16

METAPLASIA

Back 16

CHANGE IN CELL CHARACTER, REDUCTION FUNCTION (SMOKING)

Front 17

DYSPLASIA

Back 17

ABNORMAL CHANGE IN SIZE/SHAPE/ORGANIZATION OF MATURE CELLS (INFECTION/CANCER)

Front 18

NEOPLASIA

Back 18

ABNORMAL/UNCOORDINATED/EXCESSIVE CELL GROWTH (CARCINOGENS)

Front 19

APOPTISIS

Back 19

NORMAL PROCESS WHERE CELLS DISINTEGRATE (AGEING)

Front 20

AS PART OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, THE CRANIAL NERVES CARRY IMPULSES TO AND FROM THE --- BRAIN OR SPINAL CORD

Back 20

BRAIN

Front 21

WHAT ARE AFFERENT NEURON NERVE FIBRES --SENSORY OR MOTOR

Back 21

SENSORY

Front 22

WHAT ARE EFFERENT NEURON NERVE FIBRES --SENSORY OR MOTOR

Back 22

MOTOR

Front 23

WHICH NERVOUS SYSTEM REGULATES THE SKELETAL MUSCLE

Back 23

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Front 24

WHICH ARE THE TWO SYSTEMS THAT EFFERENT NEURONS BELONG TO?

Back 24

1) SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
2) AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Front 25

THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONDUCTS IMPULSES FROM THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TO THE WHAT? (3)

Back 25

1) CARDIAC MUSCLE
2) SMOOTH MUSCLE
3) GLANDS

Front 26

AXON

Back 26

GENERATES IMPULSES AND CONDUCT THEM AWAY

Front 27

ACTION POTENTIAL

Back 27

ELECTRICAL IMPULSES

Front 28

MYELIN

Back 28

COVERING AXON

Front 29

NODE OF RANVIER

Back 29

GAPS

Front 30

SCHWANN CELLS

Back 30

FORM THE MYELIN SHEATHS

Front 31

GANGLIA

Back 31

GENERATES IMPULSES AND CONDUCTS THEM AWAY

Front 32

DENDRITES

Back 32

LIPID MATERIAL COVERING AXON

Front 33

NEURONS

Back 33

ELECTRICAL IMPULSES TRANSMITTED ALONG THE AXON

Front 34

SYNAPSE

Back 34

ENABLES AN ACTION POTENTIAL TO TRAVEL FROM ON NEURON TO ANOTHER

Front 35

IN WHAT ORDER DOES THE EAR CANAL HEAR SOUND WAVES

Back 35

SPATMISCCT

Front 36

THE NUTRIENTS BETA CAROTEN, ZINC, VITAMIN C AND E ARE EITHER NON-EXUDATIVE OR EXUDATIVE

Back 36

NON-EXUDATIVE

Front 37

IS GLAUCOMA PAINFUL

Back 37

NO

Front 38

MYO OR MYS

Back 38

MUSCLE

Front 39

SACRO

Back 39

FLESH

Front 40

RECTUS

Back 40

STRAIGHT

Front 41

ISO

Back 41

SAME

Front 42

TONIC

Back 42

TENSION

Front 43

WHICH TYPE OF MUSCLE ARE VISCERAL ORGANS

Back 43

SMOOTH MUSCLE

Front 44

IS THE CONTRACTING TO PUMP BLOOD A FUNCTION OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLE?

Back 44

NO

Front 45

FASCIA

Back 45

1) FIBROUS TISSUE SHEATH
2) COVERS MUSCLE
3) ALLOWS THEM TO GLIDE PAST EACH OTHER

Front 46

IS THE SMOOTH MUSCLE OF THE STOMACH UNDER INVOLUNTARY OR VOLUNTARY CONTROL

Back 46

INVOLUNTARY

Front 47

ISOTONIC COTRACTION

Back 47

IS WHEN MUSCLE LENGTH SHORTENS UNDER TENSION

Front 48

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION

Back 48

IS WHEN MUSCLE LENGTH IS NOT CHANGED UNDER TENSION

Front 49

WHAT IS THE DIRECT SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION?

Back 49

ADENSOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
(ATP)

Front 50

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE PART OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLE THAT IS ATTACHED TO A FIXED STRUCTURE?

Back 50

ORIGIN

Front 51

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE PART OF A MUSCLE THAT IS ATTACHED TO A MOVABLE BONE?

Back 51

INSERTION

Front 52

HOW ARE MUSCLES ATTACHED TO BONES?

Back 52

TENDONS

Front 53

MYALGIA

Back 53

MUSCLE PAIN

Front 54

TRUE OR FALSE
TETANUS IS CAUSED BY A BACTERIA

Back 54

TRUE

Front 55

CAN TETANUS BE FATAL

Back 55

YES

Front 56

CONCENTRIC

Back 56

THE MUSCLE SHORTENS AND DOES WORK

Front 57

ECCENTRIC

Back 57

THE MUSCLE CONTRACTS AND LENGTHENS

Front 58

ELASTICITY

Back 58

THE ABILITY TO RECOIL AND RESUME ORIGINAL RESTING LENGTH

Front 59

WHAT AGE IS DUCHENE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY DIAGNOSED

Back 59

2 - 7 YEARS OF AGE

Front 60

3 PIGMENTS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SKIN COLOUR

Back 60

1) MELANIN
2) CAROTENE
3) HAEMOGLOBIN

Front 61

WHICH AGE GROUP ARE AT THE HIGHEST RISK OF BURNS?

Back 61

18-35 YEARS OF AGE

Front 62

WHAT ARE THE 4 THINGS THE KIDNEY FILTERS?

Back 62

1) WASTES
2) WATER
3) NUTRIENTS
4) TOXINS

Front 63

IN WHICH ORDER DO THE 3 PARTS OF THE LINING OF THE KIDNEY EXIST STARTING FROM THE OUTSIDE

Back 63

1) RENAL FACIA
2) ADIPOSE CAPSULE
3) RENAL CAPSULE

Front 64

IN WHICH ORDER TO THE 3 PARTS OF THE INNER SECTION OF THE KIDNEY EXIST FROM THE OUTSIDE INWARDS

Back 64

1) RENAL CORTEX
2) RENAL PULVIS
3) RENAL MEDULA

Front 65

WHICH ENZYME IS PRODUCED IN THE KIDNEYS THAT HELPS REGULATE BP

Back 65

RENIN

Front 66

WHICH STIMULATES RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION -- ERYTHROPOIETIN OR ADRENALIN

Back 66

ERYTHROPOIETIN

Front 67

IS IT VITAMIN D OR A THAT ACTIVATES METABOLISM IN THE KIDNEYS

Back 67

D

Front 68

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- KIDNEYS REGULATE AND MAINTAIN WATER, (RED BLOOD CELLS OR ELECTROLYTES) AND (GLUCOSE OR PH)

Back 68

1) ELECTROLYTES
2) PH

Front 69

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- KIDNEYS ARE SURROUNDED BY 3 LAYERS OF SUPPORTIVE TISSUE THE ( RENAL CAPSULE OR RENAL CORTEX), (RENAL MEDULLA OR ADIPOSE CAPSULE), AND (RENAL PELVIS OR RENAL FASCIA)

Back 69

1) RENAL CAPSULE
2) ADIPOSE CAPSULE
3) RENAL FASCIA

Front 70

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- THE KIDNEYS HAVE 3 DISTINCT REGIONS, THE (RENAL CORTEX OR RENAL CAPSULE), (ADIPOSE CAPSULE OR RENAL MEDULA) AND (RENAL PELVIS OR RENAL FASCIA)

Back 70

1) RENAL CORTEX
2) RENAL MEDULLA
3) RENAL PELVIS

Front 71

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- THE KIDNEYS USE (50% OR 25%) OF THE TOTAL CARDIAC OUTPUT VIA THE RENAL ARTERIES

Back 71

25%

Front 72

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET-THE KIDNEYS CONTAIN (NEPHRON OR GLOMERULUS) WHICH ARE THE STRUCTUAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNITS THAT PRODUCE URINE

Back 72

NEPHRONS

Front 73

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- (BASEMENT MEMBRANE OR FENESTRATED ENDOTHELIUM OR VISCERAL MEMBRANE) PORES BETWEEN CELLS, OF THE GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES WHICH ALLOW PASSAGE OF ALL PLASMA COMPONENTS BUT NOT BLOOD CELLS

Back 73

FENESTRATED ENDOTHERLIUM

Front 74

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- (BASEMENT MEMBRANE OR FENESTRATED ENDOTHELIUM OR VISCERAL MEMBRANE) OF THE GLOMERULAR CAPSULE WHICH CONSISTS OF HIGHLY MODIFIED, BRANCHING EPITHELIAL CELLS CALL PODOCYTES. THERE ARE FULTRATION SLITS BETWEEN THE PODOCYTE FOOT PROCESSES

Back 74

VISCERAL MEMBRANE

Front 75

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- AND INTERVENING (BASEMENT MEMBRANE OR FENESTRATED ENDOTHELIUM OR VISCERAL MEMBRANE) WHICH IS MESHWORK OR FIBRES AND IS LIKE A SIEVE. IT DETERMINES THE SIZE OF WHAT GETS THROUGH RESTRICTING LARGE PLASMA PROTEINS

Back 75

BASEMENT MEMBRANE

Front 76

MICTURITION

Back 76

EMPTYING OF THE BLADDER

Front 77

URINARY RETENTION

Back 77

CAN'T URINATE

Front 78

WHAT IS THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD THAT PASSES THROUGH THE GLOMERULI EACH MINUTE

Back 78

1200ML

Front 79

THE KIDNEY PROCESSES 180 LITRES OF FLUID DAILY, WHAT % IS FILTERED AS URINE?

Back 79

1%

Front 80

THE AVERAGE DAILY URINE OUTPUT IS?

Back 80

1500MLS

Front 81

IF PROTEINURIA IS NOTED, THE CAUSE IS LOCATED IN THE?

Back 81

GLOMERULAR CAPSULE

Front 82

WHAT IS THE CORRECT FLOW OF URINE (4)

Back 82

1) KIDNEY
2) URETER
3) BLADDER
4) URETHRA

Front 83

WHAT IS NORMAL pH OF BLOOD?

Back 83

7.35 - 7.45

Front 84

THE URGE TO VOID BECOMES IRRESISTIBLE WHEN THE URINE VOLUME IN THE BLADDER IS GREATER THAN WHAT?

Back 84

500 - 600 MLS

Front 85

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE TWO LARGE LYMPHATIC TRUNKS IN THE BODY?

Back 85

1) RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
2) THORACIC DUCT

Front 86

WHAT DOES THE THORACIC DUCT DRAIN? (3)

Back 86

1) THE RIGHT UPPER ARM
2) THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEAD
3) THORAX

Front 87

WHAT DOES THE THORACIC DUCT DRAIN?

Back 87

IT DRAINS THE REST OF THE BODY

Front 88

HOW IS HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA TREATED?

Back 88

CHEMOTHERAPY

Front 89

IS ELEPHANTIASIS USUALLY CAUSED BY EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS

Back 89

YES

Front 90

IS ELEPHANTIASIS CAUSED BY PARASITES?

Back 90

YES

Front 91

IS EXCESSIVE VITAMIN C CONSUMPTION A COMMON CAUSE OF NON-HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA

Back 91

NO

Front 92

ARE INTERMITTENT FEVER/NIGHT SWEATS/SWOLLEN, NON-PAINFUL LYMPH NODES INDICATIONS OF HODGKIN'S LYMPHOMA?

Back 92

YES

Front 93

IS LUPUS AND SARCOIDOSIS UNDER THE HEADING OF INFLAMMATORY?

Back 93

YES

Front 94

IS CIRRHOSIS AND CHRONIC CARDIAC FAILURE UNDER THE HEADING CONGESTIVE

Back 94

YES

Front 95

TRUE OR FALSE - SKIN ACIDITY IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT INHIBITS BACTERIA GROWTH?

Back 95

TRUE

Front 96

TRUE OR FALSE - KERATINE IN SKIN IS A PROTEIN THAT PROVIDES A CHEMICAL BARRIER

Back 96

FALSE

Front 97

TRUE OR FALSE - THE DIFFERENCE BARRIERS IN RESPIRATORY MUCOSA ARE PROVIDED BY MUCUS AND CILIA

Back 97

TRUE

Front 98

INFLAMMATION IS A RESPONSE TO TISSUE INJURY BY TRAUMA, INFECTION, TOXINS AND INTENSE HEAT

Back 98

TRUE

Front 99

NK CELLS ARE DIFFERENT FORM LYMPHOCYTES IN DEFENCE MECHANISMS AS NK CELLS REACT TO SPECIFIC VIRUSES AND CELLS, WHILE LYMPHOCYTES ARE NON-SPECIFIC

Back 99

FALSE

Front 100

ARE LYMPHOCYTES ONE OF THE FOUR MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNAL DEFENCE SYSTEM?

Back 100

NO

Front 101

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- COMPLEMENT PROTEINS ARE PLASMA PROTEINS THAT KILL MICROBES THROUGH (LYSIS OR THYMUS)

Back 101

LYSIS

Front 102

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- C REACTIVE PROTEIN IS USED AS A CLINICAL MARKER FOR (ACUTE INFECTION OR INFLAMMATION OR CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE)

Back 102

ACUTE INFECTION OR INFLAMMATION

Front 103

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- CELLS INVOLVED IN THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE ARE (LYSIS OR ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS AND B AND T LYMPHOCYTES)

Back 103

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS AND B AND T LYMPHOCYTES

Front 104

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- APC's ENGULF ANTIGENS AND (ISOLATE THE FOREIGN SUBSTANCE OR PRESENT FRAGMENTS ON THEIR CELL WALLS)

Back 104

PRESENT FRAGMENTS ON THEIR CELL WALLS

Front 105

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- B LYMPHOCYTES ARE INVOLVED IN ANTIBODY MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND MATURE IN THE (THYMUS OR BONE MARROW)

Back 105

BONE MARROW

Front 106

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- T LYMPHOCYTES ARE INVOLVED IN (CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY OR ANTIBODY MEDIATED IMMUNITY) AND MATURE IN THE (THYMUS OR BONE MARROW)

Back 106

1) CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
2) THYMUS

Front 107

TRUE OR FALSE - PAIN IS CAUSED BY CHEMICALS RELEASED BY MICROBES/NERVE FIBRE INJURY/ THE VASODILATORY PROCESS AND ASSOCIATED CHEMICAL RELEASE

Back 107

FALSE

Front 108

ARE INTERFERON AND COMPLEMENT TWO OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS?

Back 108

YES THEY ARE.

Front 109

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE THE 2 MAJOR T CELLS INVOLVED IN CELLULAR IMMUNITY?
T1 AND T2 OR T2 AND T4 OR T4 AND T8

Back 109

T4 AND T8

Front 110

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- CYTOKINES ARE CHEMICAL MEDIATORS RELEASE BY ( B CELLS OR ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS OR T CELLS)

Back 110

T CELLS

Front 111

CHOOSE WHICH WORD FROM THE BRACKET- THE ONLY CELLS THAT DIRECTLY ATTACK AND KILL OTHER CELLS ARE (CYTOTOXIC T CELLS OR CYCTOKINES OR LYMPOCYCTES)

Back 111

CYTOTOXIC T CELLS