Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The most significant difference between endocytosis and pinocytosis is that __________ is receptor mediated
|
ENDOCYTOSIS
|
|
|
Coutertransport, in which 2 substances are transported in opposite directions simultaneoulsy, can aslso be call____________
|
ANTIPORT
|
|
|
The Na/K exchange pump exchanges ___ Na molecules for every ___K molecules.
|
3, 2
|
|
|
(T/F)
Red blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution will crenate? |
FALSE
|
|
|
Which statement is false?
-the shorter the diffusion distance, the faster the diffusion will take place. -decreased temperature causes an increased rate of diffusion b/c it increses random molecular motion -smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger ones. |
DECREASED TEMPERATURE CUASES AN INCERASED RATE OF DIFFUSION B/C IT INCREASES RANDOM MOELCULAR MOTION
|
|
|
T/F
carrier mediated transport may be either active or passive, and may either be with or aganst an existing concentration gradient |
TRUE
|
|
|
WHICH STATEMENT IS FALSE?
-SER synthesizes lipids and carbsohydrates -ER is connected to the nuclear membrane -RER detoxifies/ inactivates drugs |
RER DETOXIFIES/ INATIVATES DRUGS
|
|
|
WHICH IS FALSE REGARDING MICROFILAMENTS?
-Average 6 nm in diameter -involved in muscle contraction -the most durable of the cytoskeletal element |
THE MOST DURABLE OF THE CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENT
|
|
|
Which terms is paired correctly with is definition/purpose?
-spindle apparatus/microtubules -microvilli/ cellular locomotion -myosin/ intermediate filament |
SPINDLE APPARAUS/MICROTUBULES
|
|
|
List four major transport process mechanisms:
|
DIFFUSION, FILTRATION, CARRIER-MEDIATED, & VESICULAR
|
|
|
List three characteristics that carriers share with enzymes.
|
SPECIFICITY, SATURATION LIMITS, REGULATION
|
|
|
Body fluids containing large, complex proteins that are held in solution indefinitely by hydrogen bonds are ________
|
COLLIODS
|
|
|
WHICH IS TRUE?
- water has a low heat capacity? -slvents are dispersed in solutes, forming a solution -water in an effective solvent b/c it readily forms hydrogen bonds |
WATER IS AN EFFECTIVE SOLVENT B/C IT READILY FORMS HYDROGEN BONDS
|
|
|
How do we recognize a carbohydrate?
|
RATION OF C TO H TO O IS 1:2:1
|
|
|
Which is false?
-a solution with a ph of 8 is acidic -a base acts as a proton acceptor -strong acids dissociate completly in solution |
A SOLUTION WITH A PH ON 8 IS ACID
|
|
|
T/F
Cations are negatively charged b/c they have gained an electron |
FALSE
|
|
|
T/F
Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sodium make up 96% of our body mass |
FALSE
|
|
|
What is an isotope?
|
AN ATOM WITH DIFFERENT NUMBER OF NEUTRONS.
|
|
|
What is a decomposition reaction
|
A REACTION THAT BREAKS A MOLECULE INTO SMALLER FRAGMENTS.
|
|
|
WHICH STATEMENT IS TRUE?
-number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number -isotopes are atoms or molecules that have a charge -atoms with unfilled energy levels are stable and therefore nonreative |
NUMBER OF PROTONS IN AN ATOM DETERINES THE ATOMIC NUMBER
|
|
|
The specific type of reaction in which a complex molecule is formed by the removal of water from the reactants is called_________synthesis
|
DEHYDRATION
|
|
|
Body fluids containing large, complex proteins that are held together in solution indefinitely by hydrogen bonds are called____________.
|
COLLOIDS
|
|
|
T/F
Isomers are molecules that have the same three dimensional structure, but different molecular formulas |
FALSE
|
|
|
T/F
When a fatty acid is in solution, only the carboxyl end associates with water molecules, because that is the only hydrophilic portion of the molecule |
TRUE
|
|
|
Which is NOT a function of triacylglycerides?
|
STRUCTURAL COMPONENT
|
|
|
_____________ is a structural carbohydrate in many plants that our bodies cannot digest
|
CELLULOSE
|
|
|
Name the functions of proteins?
|
Coordination and control
Movement Buffering Metabolic regulation |
|
|
Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides linked together by _______ bonds
|
PHOSPHODIESTER OR COVALENT
|
|
|
Nucleic acids consist of nucleotides that are composed of
|
SUGAR, PHOSPHATE AND NITROGENOUS BASE
|
|
|
Explain the difference between the two types (not functional types, but types by location in/on the membrane) of plasma membrane proteins. Use correct terminology and complete sentences!
|
PERIPHERAL PROTEINS ARE BOUND TO THE INNER OR OUTER SURFACE OF THE MEMBRANE AND ARE EASILY SEPARATED FROM IT.
INTEGRAL PROTEINS SPAN THE WIDTH OF THE MEMBRANE AND ARE THEREFORE EMBEDDED WITHIN IT. |
|
|
T/F
Coenzymes are nonprotein organic molecules that function as cofactors, and are usually made from vitamins obtained in the diet |
TRUE
|
|
|
Explain the process of denaturation, including specific causes
|
DENATURATION IS THE BREAKING OF HYDROGEN BONDS, THUS ALTERING A PROTEIN'S TERTIARY AND/OR QUATERNARY STRUCTURE. THIS OCCURS THROUGH INCREASES IN TEMPERATURE OR CHANGES IN PH.
|
|
|
List the COMPONENTS of any homeostatic regulatory mechanism and BRIEFLY explain their FUNCTIONS
|
RECEPTOR-DETECTS CHANGE IN CONTROLLED CONDITION AND SENDS INPUT TO CONTROL CENTER
CONTROL CENTER (INTEGRATION CENTER) -RECEIVES INPUT FROM RECEPTOR, PROCESSES INPUT, AND SENDS THE APPROPRIATE OUTPUT TO EFFECTOR EFFECTOR - RECEIVES INPUT FROM CONTROL CENTER AND CREATES A CHANGE (EFFECT |
|
|
T/F
Intrinsic regulation occurs when the activities of a cell, tissue, organ or organ system adjust automatically in response to some environmental change |
TRUE
|
|
|
What is NOT a distinguishing characteristic of living things
|
HEALING
|
|
|
T/F
The structure of a body part (cell, tissue or organ) determines its function |
TRUE
|
|
|
The levels of organization, in order, are
|
CHEMICAL, CELLULAR, TISSUE, ORGAN, ORGAN SYSTEM, ORGANISM
|
|
|
Define HOMEOSTASIS
|
THE EXISTENCE OF A STABLE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT; NECESSARY FOR SURVIVAL.
|
|
|
Name functions of triacylglycerides?
|
THERMAL INSULATION, ENERGY SOURCE, PROTECTION
|
|
|
T/F
When a fatty acid is in solution, only the carboxyl end associates with water molecules, because that is the only hydrophilic portion of the molecule |
TRUE
|
|
|
ISOMERS
|
moelcules that have the same molecular formula.
|
|
|
What are the 2 classes of sex cells and their description
|
1.Sex cells - reproductive cells, sperm of males, and oocytes of female
2. Somatic cells -all other cells in body |
|
|
Functions of cell membrane (or plasma membrane)
|
-Physical isolation,
-Regulation of exchage with the environment -Sensitivity -Structural Support |
|
|
Permeability
|
dertermines precisely what can enter or leave the cytoplasm
|
|
|
Impermeable
|
membrane through which nothing can pass
|
|
|
Freely Permeable
|
membrane which anything can pass
|
|
|
selectively permeable
|
limits what gets in and out of membrane
|
|
|
Filtration
|
hygrostatic pressure forces fluids and solutes across a membrane barrier
|
|
|
Diffusion
|
random motion and collision of molecules and ions.
|
|
|
Carrier-mediated
|
requires specialized integral membrane proteins. active and passive
|
|
|
Vesicular transport
|
movement of materials within small membranous sacs, or vesicals
|
|
|
factors that influence diffusion
|
Distance, gradiant size, molecular size,temperature,electrical forces
|
|
|
Osmosis
|
difussion of water molecules across a membrane: water flows across membrane toward higher concentration of solutes b/c that's where water concentration is low
|
|
|
Two types of vesicular transport:
|
Endocytosis: into cell
exocytosis: out of cell |
|
|
cytoskeleton
|
internal protein framework that gives the cytoplasm strenth and flexibility.
|
|
|
ribosomes
|
organelles that manufacture proteins, using info provided by DNA
|
|
|
2 types of ribosomes
|
Free-scattered thru cytoplasm
Fixed- attached to ER |
|
|
4 major functions of ER (Endo plasmic Reticulum
|
Synthesis, Storage, TRansport, Detoxification
|
|
|
3 major functions of Golgi Apparatus
|
-packages secretions for exocytosis
-renews or modifies cell membrane -packages special enzymes for use in cytosol. |
|
|
ATomic weight
|
actual mass of an atom
|
|
|
Mass number
|
total number of protons plus neutrons in nucleus.
|
|
|
Ionic bonds
|
chemical bonds created by the electrical attration b/t anions and cations.
|
|
|
2 major types of energy
|
Kinetic : energy of motion that is doing work
Potential: stored energy that has potential to work |
|
|
exergonic
|
chemical reaction that releases energy
|
|
|
endergonic
|
chemical reations that absorb energy
|
|
|
ph of water?
|
7
|
|
|
ph scales range
|
0 to 14
|
|
|
below 7
above 7 |
acidic
basic |
|
|
Proteins (%)
|
most abundnat organic molecules - makes up 20% of total body weight.
|
|
|
Functions of proteins:
|
support, movement, transport, buffering, metabolic regulation, defense, coordination and control.
|
|
|
Anatomy
|
study of internal and external structures of the body and phsical relationships among body parts
|
|
|
Physiology
|
study of how organisms perform their vital functions
|
|
|
cell physiology
|
study of the functions of cells
|
